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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(12); 1486; doi: 10.3390/ani12121486

Dystocia in the Standardbred Mare: A Retrospective Study from 2004 to 2020.

Abstract: Dystocia as a prolonged stage II parturition (>30 min) was associated with a higher risk of complications. The hypothesis of the study was that any type of dystocia could affect the foal’s health, even when the stage II was <30 min. Clinical reports on 222 Standardbred mares and their foals hospitalized at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Bologna from 2004 to 2020 were reviewed. Mares were divided into the Eutocia Group (165, eutocic delivery) and the Dystocia Group (57, dystocic delivery). The incidence of dystocia was 4.9%. Stage II was longer in the Dystocia Group (median 20 min) than in the Eutocia Group (median 12 min). All occurrences of dystocia were retrospectively classified into three categories of severity: mild, moderate and severe dystocia. The occurrence of postpartum complications in mares and neonatal diseases and failure of passive transfer of immunity in foals was higher in the Dystocia Group. Foal venous lactatemia and serum creatine kinase were significantly higher in the Dystocia Group (median 3.9 mmol/L; 262 UI/L respectively) than in the Eutocia Group (median 3.1 mmol/L; 187 UI/L respectively). The APGAR score was lower in the Dystocia Group (median 8) than in the Eutocia Group (median 10) and significantly lower in severe dystocia (median 3). The duration of stage II should not be considered the only parameter of dystocia in mares: even a rapid resolution of dystocia could pose health risks to the foal and the mare.
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Publication Date: 2022-06-08 PubMed ID: 35739823PubMed Central: PMC9219446DOI: 10.3390/ani12121486Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the impact of dystocia, a difficult or abnormal childbirth process, on the health of Standardbred horse foals. The researchers found that any level of dystocia can affect the health of the foal, and that the duration of the second stage of delivery should not be the sole factor considered when assessing risk.

Background and Hypothesis

  • The study revolves around the condition of dystocia, which refers to a difficult or abnormal childbirth process in mares.
  • Commonly, dystocia is defined as a prolonged stage II parturition, which lasts for over 30 minutes. However, the researchers proposed that even when this stage is less than 30 minutes, any type of dystocia can pose risks to the foal’s health.

Research Methodology

  • Data for the study were collected from clinical reports on 222 Standardbred mares and their foals at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Bologna from 2004 to 2020.
  • The mares were divided into two groups: Eutocia Group (165, normal delivery) and the Dystocia Group (57, difficult delivery).
  • The researchers retrospectively classified all cases of dystocia into three categories of severity: mild, moderate, and severe.

Key Findings

  • The incidence rate of dystocia was found to be 4.9%.
  • Stage II was observed to be longer in the Dystocia Group (average 20 min) than in the Eutocia Group (average 12 min).
  • Complications post-delivery in mares and neonatal diseases, alongside the failure of passive transfer of immunity in foals, were found to be more prevalent in the Dystocia Group.
  • The health markers of foal venous lactatemia and serum creatine kinase were significantly higher in the Dystocia Group than in the Eutocia Group.
  • The APGAR score, a quick method to assess the health of newborns, was lower in the Dystocia Group than in the Eutocia Group, with the most severe cases of dystocia displaying the lowest scores.

Conclusions

  • The study concluded that the duration of stage II should not be the only determinant of dystocia in mares.
  • Even a rapid resolution of dystocia could pose health risks to both the foal and the mare, challenging previous understandings of dystocia and its assessment.

Cite This Article

APA
Lanci A, Perina F, Donadoni A, Castagnetti C, Mariella J. (2022). Dystocia in the Standardbred Mare: A Retrospective Study from 2004 to 2020. Animals (Basel), 12(12), 1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121486

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 12
PII: 1486

Researcher Affiliations

Lanci, Aliai
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sora 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
Perina, Francesca
  • Independent Researcher, Località Caiar 25, Caprino Veronese, 37013 Verona, Italy.
Donadoni, André
  • Independent Researcher, Via Frittaia 30/A, Casaleone, 37052 Verona, Italy.
Castagnetti, Carolina
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sora 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
  • Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy.
Mariella, Jole
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sora 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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