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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J Suppl / Echocardiographic measurements of cardiac dimensions and ind...
Equine veterinary journal. Supplement1995; (19); 18-27; doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04985.x

Echocardiographic measurements of cardiac dimensions and indices of cardiac function in normal adult thoroughbred horses.

Abstract: Cardiac dimensions and indices of cardiac function were measured in 29 clinically normal adult Thoroughbreds (TB) which performed minimal exercise using guided M-mode and two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography, from a variety of image planes and measurement methods, and standardised imaging planes based on intracardiac anatomical landmarks. The different methods of measuring these variables were compared. The variables which were considered to be most valuable for quantitative echocardiography were measured in a further 9 horses. Comparable measurements of cardiac dimensions can be obtained from a variety of different imaging planes, using either 2-D or guided M-mode echocardiography from the left or right side of the chest, although differences in measurement methods must be taken into account. The results of this study give a useful range of dimensions and indices of cardiac function in normal adult TBs for comparison with those recorded from horses with suspected cardiac disease. Comparisons are only valid if there is meticulous attention to correct orientation of imaging planes with regard to internal landmarks and that comparable measurement locations and timing are used.
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Publication Date: 1995-09-01 PubMed ID: 8933065DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04985.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study detailed in this research article investigates the various measurements of cardiac dimensions and function in healthy adult Thoroughbred horses. It emphasizes the need for careful application and comparison of the methods used to capture this data.

Research Methodology

  • The research involved 29 clinically-normal adult Thoroughbreds that had limited exercise.
  • Various echocardiography techniques, including guided M-mode and two-dimensional (2-D), were used for data collection.
  • The researchers utilized multiple imaging planes and different methods of measurement.
  • Standardised imaging planes, based on intracardiac anatomical landmarks, were applied to ensure consistency and accuracy.

Study Findings and Comparisons

  • The study compared different methods of measuring cardiac dimensions and function and determined those that delivered the most valuable data for quantitative echocardiography.
  • These key variables were then measured in a further group of 9 horses.
  • The research indicates that similar measurements of cardiac dimensions can be obtained from different imaging planes, using either 2-D or guided M-mode echocardiography, from either the left or right side of the chest.
  • However, the results of the research highlight that differences in measurement methods must be considered and accounted for.

Implications and Recommendations

  • The outcomes of the study provide valuable insight and a useful range of dimensions and indices of cardiac function in healthy adult Thoroughbred horses.
  • This information could be beneficial for comparative studies with horses suspected of having cardiac diseases.
  • However, the study emphasizes that comparisons are only valid with meticulous attention to the orientation of imaging planes in relation to internal landmarks and ensuring comparable measurement locations and timings are used.

Cite This Article

APA
Patteson MW, Gibbs C, Wotton PR, Cripps PJ. (1995). Echocardiographic measurements of cardiac dimensions and indices of cardiac function in normal adult thoroughbred horses. Equine Vet J Suppl(19), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04985.x

Publication

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement
NlmUniqueID: 9614088
Country: United States
Language: English
Issue: 19
Pages: 18-27

Researcher Affiliations

Patteson, M W
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Avon, UK.
Gibbs, C
    Wotton, P R
      Cripps, P J

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Echocardiography / methods
        • Echocardiography / veterinary
        • Female
        • Heart / anatomy & histology
        • Heart / physiology
        • Heart Ventricles / anatomy & histology
        • Heart Ventricles / diagnostic imaging
        • Horses / anatomy & histology
        • Horses / physiology
        • Male
        • Reproducibility of Results
        • Ventricular Function

        Citations

        This article has been cited 9 times.
        1. Marzok M, Kandeel M, Babiker H, Alkhodair KM, Farag A, Ibrahim H, El-Ashker M, Alghuwainem Y, El-Khodery S. M-Mode Echocardiographic Measurements of Interventricular Septum, Left Ventricular Internal Diameter, and Left Ventricular Free-Wall Thickness in Normal Horses-A Meta-Analytical Study.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Feb 23;13(5).
          doi: 10.3390/ani13050809pubmed: 36899666google scholar: lookup
        2. Sacks M, Byrne DP, Herteman N, Secombe C, Adler A, Hosgood G, Raisis AL, Mosing M. Electrical impedance tomography to measure lung ventilation distribution in healthy horses and horses with left-sided cardiac volume overload.. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Sep;35(5):2511-2523.
          doi: 10.1111/jvim.16227pubmed: 34347908google scholar: lookup
        3. Vitale V, Laurberg M, van Galen G. Transthoracic echocardiography and its limitations in the diagnosis of congenital supernumerary aortic valve in a Thoroughbred.. Vet Med Sci 2023 Mar;9(2):712-716.
          doi: 10.1002/vms3.472pubmed: 33713550google scholar: lookup
        4. Vernemmen I, Vera L, Van Steenkiste G, van Loon G, Decloedt A. Reference values for 2-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography in Friesian and Warmblood horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Nov;34(6):2701-2709.
          doi: 10.1111/jvim.15938pubmed: 33098342google scholar: lookup
        5. Caivano D, Corda A, Rishniw M, Giorgi ME, Parpaglia MLP, Conti MB, Porciello F, Birettoni F. Transthoracic M-mode echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary vein-to-pulmonary artery ratio in healthy horses.. PLoS One 2019;14(8):e0221154.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221154pubmed: 31412072google scholar: lookup
        6. Gehlen H, Shety T, El-Zahar H, Hofheinz I. Measurement of plasma endothelin-1 concentration in healthy horses and horses with cardiac disease during rest and after exercise.. J Vet Med Sci 2019 Feb 28;81(2):263-268.
          doi: 10.1292/jvms.18-0325pubmed: 30606891google scholar: lookup
        7. De Clercq D, Decloedt A, Sys SU, Verheyen T, Van Der Vekens N, van Loon G. Atrial fibrillation cycle length and atrial size in horses with and without recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion.. J Vet Intern Med 2014 Mar-Apr;28(2):624-9.
          doi: 10.1111/jvim.12322pubmed: 24611990google scholar: lookup
        8. Hallowell GD, Bowen M. Reliability and identification of aortic valve prolapse in the horse.. BMC Vet Res 2013 Jan 11;9:9.
          doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-9pubmed: 23311963google scholar: lookup
        9. Hallowell GD, Potter TJ, Bowen IM. Reliability of quantitative echocardiography in adult sheep and goats.. BMC Vet Res 2012 Sep 27;8:181.
          doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-181pubmed: 23017011google scholar: lookup
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