EcPV2 DNA in equine genital squamous cell carcinomas and normal genital mucosa.
Abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents the most common genital malignant tumor in horses. Similar to humans, papillomaviruses (PVs) have been proposed as etiological agents and recently Equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) has been identified in a subset of genital SCCs. The goals of this study were (1) to determine the prevalence of EcPV2 DNA in tissue samples from equine genital SCCs, penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and penile papillomas, using EcPV2-specific PCR, (2) to examine the prevalence of latent EcPV2 infection in healthy genital mucosa and (3) to determine genetic variability within EcPV2 and to disentangle phylogenetic relationships of EcPV2 among PVs. EcPV2 DNA was detected in all but one penile SCC (15/16), in all PIN lesions (8/8) and penile papillomas (4/4). Additionally, EcPV2 DNA was demonstrated in one of two metastasized lymph nodes, one contact metastasis in the mouth, two vaginal and one anal lesion. In healthy horses, EcPV2 DNA was detected in 10% (4/39) of penile swabs but in none of vulvovaginal swabs (0/20). This study confirms the presence of EcPV2 DNA in equine genital SCCs and shows its involvement in anal lesions, a lymph node and contact metastases. Latent EcPV2 presence was also shown in normal male genital mucosa. We found that different EcPV2 variants cocirculate among horses and that EcPV2 is related to the Delta+Zeta PVs and is only a very distant relative of high-risk human PVs causing genital cancer. Thus, similar viral tropism and similar malignant outcome of the infection do not imply close evolutionary relationship.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2012-02-11 PubMed ID: 22397936DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.005Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article investigates the prevalence of Equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) DNA in equine genital squamous cell carcinomas, a common type of genital tumor in horses. It further investigates the presence of EcPV2 in healthy genital mucosa and its genetic variability.
Objectives and Methodology
- The main objectives of the research were to determine the prevalence of EcPV2 DNA in tissue samples from equine genital squamous cell carcinomas, penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and penile papillomas. This was achieved using EcPV2-specific PCR.
- Additionally, they wanted to examine the prevalence of latent EcPV2 infection in healthy genital mucosa and determine the genetic variability within EcPV2.
- The authors also intended to study the phylogenetic relationships of EcPV2 among other papillomaviruses (PVs).
Results
- The researchers found that EcPV2 DNA was detectable in all but one penile squamous cell carcinoma sample (15 out of 16), all PIN lesions (8 out of 8), and all penile papillomas (4 out of 4).
- Additionally, EcPV2 DNA was found in one of two metastasized lymph nodes, one contact metastasis in the mouth, two vaginal lesions, and one anal lesion.
- In healthy horses, EcPV2 DNA was present in 10% (4 out of 39) of penile swabs, but was not detectable in any vulvovaginal swabs (0 out of 20).
Conclusions
- The study confirms the presence of EcPV2 DNA in equine genital squamous cell carcinomas and shows its involvement in anal lesions, a lymph node, and contact metastases.
- The research indicates that there is a latent presence of EcPV2 in normal male genital mucosa.
- It was found that different EcPV2 variants co-exist among horses. Furthermore, the study shows that EcPV2 is related to the Delta+Zeta papillomaviruses and is only a distant relative of high-risk human papillomaviruses causing genital cancer.
- The study thus highlights that similar viral tropism and similar malignant outcomes do not necessarily indicate a close evolutionary relationship.
Cite This Article
APA
Bogaert L, Willemsen A, Vanderstraeten E, Bracho MA, De Baere C, Bravo IG, Martens A.
(2012).
EcPV2 DNA in equine genital squamous cell carcinomas and normal genital mucosa.
Vet Microbiol, 158(1-2), 33-41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.005 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / veterinary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / virology
- DNA, Viral / analysis
- DNA, Viral / genetics
- Female
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Papillomaviridae / classification
- Papillomaviridae / genetics
- Papillomaviridae / isolation & purification
- Papillomavirus Infections / epidemiology
- Papillomavirus Infections / genetics
- Papillomavirus Infections / veterinary
- Papillomavirus Infections / virology
- Penile Neoplasms / epidemiology
- Penile Neoplasms / genetics
- Penile Neoplasms / pathology
- Penile Neoplasms / veterinary
- Penile Neoplasms / virology
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Miglinci L, Reicher P, Nell B, Koch M, Jindra C, Brandt S. Detection of Equine Papillomaviruses and Gamma-Herpesviruses in Equine Squamous Cell Carcinoma.. Pathogens 2023 Jan 23;12(2).
- Cappelli K, Ciucis CG, Mecocci S, Nervo T, Crescio MI, Pepe M, Gialletti R, Pietrucci D, Migone LF, Turco S, Mechelli L, Passamonti F, Drago C, Donato GG, Varello K, Modesto P, Chillemi G, Ghelardi A, Razzuoli E. Detection of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type-2 in Asymptomatic Italian Horses.. Viruses 2022 Jul 31;14(8).
- da Silva TRO, Gonçalves PNC, Marcus VB, Mucellini CI, Dos Santos IR, Kommers G, Driemeier D, Flores EF, Cargnelutti JF, Flores MM. Detection of Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 in equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in southern Brazil.. Braz J Microbiol 2022 Sep;53(3):1707-1713.
- Strohmayer C, Klang A, Kummer S, Walter I, Jindra C, Weissenbacher-Lang C, Redmer T, Kneissl S, Brandt S. Tumor Cell Plasticity in Equine Papillomavirus-Positive Versus-Negative Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.. Pathogens 2022 Feb 18;11(2).
- Ramsauer AS, Wachoski-Dark GL, Fraefel C, Ackermann M, Brandt S, Grest P, Knight CG, Favrot C, Tobler K. Establishment of a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Equine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection.. Viruses 2021 Jul 19;13(7).
- Arthurs C, Suarez-Bonnet A, Willis C, Xie B, Machulla N, Mair TS, Cao K, Millar M, Thrasivoulou C, Priestnall SL, Ahmed A. Equine penile squamous cell carcinoma: expression of biomarker proteins and EcPV2.. Sci Rep 2020 May 12;10(1):7863.
- Ramsauer AS, Wachoski-Dark GL, Fraefel C, Tobler K, Brandt S, Knight CG, Favrot C, Grest P. Paving the way for more precise diagnosis of EcPV2-associated equine penile lesions.. BMC Vet Res 2019 Oct 22;15(1):356.
- Willemsen A, Bravo IG. Origin and evolution of papillomavirus (onco)genes and genomes.. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019 May 27;374(1773):20180303.
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