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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Effect of a lactate-guided conditioning program on heart rat...
PloS one2020; 15(6); e0233264; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233264

Effect of a lactate-guided conditioning program on heart rate variability obtained using 24-Holter electrocardiography in Beagle dogs.

Abstract: The dogs' responses to training exercise are seldom monitored using physiological variables, and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) is a relevant determinant of endurance-training adaptation. There are studies in the literature establishing that regular exercise could interfere with CAR in dogs, measured by heart rate and vagal-derived indexes of heart-rate-variability (HRV). However, few studies were found using a prescribed training program based on the lactate threshold (LT) to determine HRV by a 24-h Holter analysis. The purpose of this study was to test whether an endurance-training program (ETP) guided individually by LT raises time-domain measures of HRV in healthy Beagle dogs. Twenty dogs were assigned to two groups: control (C) and trained (T). The dogs from group T underwent an incremental exercise test (IET) to determine their LT. Both LT and velocity corresponding to the LT (VLT) was determined by visual inspection. T group performed an eight-week endurance-training program consisting of treadmill runs set to 70-80% of the VLT. Next, dogs from the group T have submitted to IET again. The maximal velocities (Vmax) at which achieved by the trained dogs in both IETs were determined. The group S did not undergo IETs or ETP. HRV was determined by the 24-hour-Holter at rest, before and on the 2°, 4°, 6° and 8° training weeks. To examine the HR impact on HRV, standard HRV variables were normalized to prevailing HR. VLT and Vmax rose in group T, indicating an improvement of dogs' aerobic and anaerobic capacity. The normalized standard HRV indexes were relatively attenuated since these variables had a reduction in the degree of correlation concerning an average HR. The ETP resulted in decreased resting heart rate and increased time-domain indices, highlighting the log-transformed square root of the mean sum of the squared differences between R-R intervals (Ln rMSSD). The lactate-guided endurance-training program could lead to better parasympathetic cardiac modulation in Beagle dogs.
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Publication Date: 2020-06-01 PubMed ID: 32479554PubMed Central: PMC7263627DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233264Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores how a lactate-guided endurance-training program affects heart rate variability in Beagle dogs. The findings show that this approach leads to improved parasympathetic cardiac modulation in these animals.

Study Purpose and Context

  • The study aims to understand the effect of a lactate-guided endurance-training program on the heart rate variability (HRV) of Beagle dogs.
  • Traditionally, physical responses to training in dogs have not been monitored using physiological variables. This research focuses on cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR), a crucial element in training adaptation.
  • Studies in the past have shown that regular exercise can interfere with CAR in dogs. However, there’s limited research using a training program based on lactate threshold (LT) to determine HRV using 24-hour Holter analysis.

Research Methodology

  • The study sample included 20 Beagle dogs split into two groups. One was the control group (C), and the other was the trained group (T).
  • The trained group underwent an incremental exercise test (IET) to identify their LT. The velocity at the LT (VLT) was also established based on visual inspection.
  • The trained group then ran on a treadmill for eight weeks. The speed was set to 70-80% of the VLT.
  • Maximal velocities (Vmax) achieved by the trained dogs in both IETs were determined. The control group didn’t go through any such exercise tests or training.

Data Collection and Analysis

  • HRV was measured at rest, before the start of the training and every two weeks for the duration of the training. The measurements were normalized to take into account the prevailing heart rate.
  • From the results, it was observed that VLT and Vmax increased in the trained group. This observation indicated that the dogs’ aerobic and anaerotic capacities had improved.
  • Though standard HRV measures were relatively lower, there was a decreased correlation with average heart rate, suggesting an impact of exercise on these variables.

Study Findings

  • Resting heart rate decreased in the trained group, and time-domain indices increased following the endurance-training program.
  • The log-transformed square root of the mean sum of the squared differences between R-R intervals (Ln rMSSD) particularly highlighted this result.
  • The outcomes of the research indicated that a lactate-guided endurance-training program might improve parasympathetic cardiac modulation in Beagle dogs.

Cite This Article

APA
Restan AZ, Camacho AA, Cerqueira JA, Zacché E, Kirnew MD, Loureiro BA, Silva SB, Moranza HG, Ferraz GC. (2020). Effect of a lactate-guided conditioning program on heart rate variability obtained using 24-Holter electrocardiography in Beagle dogs. PLoS One, 15(6), e0233264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233264

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Pages: e0233264
PII: e0233264

Researcher Affiliations

Restan, Alejandro Z
  • Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Equine Exercise Physiology (LAFEQ), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Camacho, Aparecido A
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Cerqueira, Juliana A
  • Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Equine Exercise Physiology (LAFEQ), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Zacché, Evandro
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Kirnew, Murillo D
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Loureiro, Bruna A
  • Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Areia, Paraiba, Brazil.
Silva, Samara B
  • Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Equine Exercise Physiology (LAFEQ), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Moranza, Henriette G
  • Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Equine Exercise Physiology (LAFEQ), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Ferraz, Guilherme C
  • Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Equine Exercise Physiology (LAFEQ), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Autonomic Nervous System / physiology
  • Dogs
  • Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / methods
  • Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / veterinary
  • Endurance Training / methods
  • Exercise Test
  • Female
  • Heart / physiology
  • Heart Rate / physiology
  • Lactic Acid / metabolism
  • Male
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal / methods
  • Physical Endurance / physiology
  • Vagus Nerve / physiology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Petchdee S, Yalong M, Kaewnet M, Ithisariyanont B, Padawong T. Assessment of Right Ventricular Function, Blood Lactate Levels, and Serum Peptidomics Profiles Associated With Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:789137.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.789137pubmed: 35127880google scholar: lookup
  2. Restan AZ, Camacho AA, Zacché E, Canola RAM, Silva SBG, Braz JB, Silva-Filho JCD, Cerqueira JA, Loureiro BA, Funnicelli MIG, Pinheiro DG, Ferraz GC. Conditioning Program Prescribed from the External Training Load Corresponding to the Lactate Threshold Improved Cardiac Function in Healthy Dogs.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Dec 30;12(1).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12010073pubmed: 35011179google scholar: lookup
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