Effect of intravenous calcium administration on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis in ponies.
Abstract: To determine whether supplemental i.v. calcium administration would attenuate or prevent gentamicin-induced acute renal failure, defined as an increase in serum creatinine concentration > or = 50% above baseline. Methods: 10 healthy pony mares. Methods: Pony mares were randomly assigned to receive calcium at a dosage of 20 mg/kg of body weight or saline solution i.v., twice daily for 14 days. All pony mares received gentamicin at a dosage of 20 mg/kg i.v. every 8 hours for 14 days. Gentamicin pharmacokinetic, serum biochemical, and urinalysis data were measured every other day for the 14-day study period. Renal histologic examination was performed, and results were scored at the end of the 14-day period. Results: 4 of 5 mares not receiving calcium supplementation developed acute renal failure. Only 1 of the 5 mares receiving calcium supplementation developed acute renal failure. Over the course of the study, pony mares receiving calcium supplementation had significantly fewer changes in urinalysis variables, and significantly less microscopic renal damage. Conclusions: Daily i.v. administration of calcium attenuated gentamicin-induced acute renal failure. Conclusions: Calcium supplementation may help diminish the risk of acute renal failure associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Publication Date: 1998-08-26 PubMed ID: 9706213
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- Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research explores the impact of intravenously administered calcium on the harmful effects gentamicin – a particular type of antibiotic – has on the kidneys of ponies. The results suggest that calcium can substantially lessen kidney damage caused by gentamicin.
Research Methodology
- The study was conducted on 10 healthy pony mares, split randomly into two groups.
- One group was given calcium intravenously at a dosage of 20 mg per kilogram of body weight, twice a day, over a span of two weeks.
- The control group received a saline solution under the same conditions.
- All ponies were given gentamicin (an antibiotic) at a dosage of 20 mg per kilogram intravenously every eight hours for the same period.
- The effects of gentamicin and calcium/saline solution on the ponies were closely monitored over the course of the study. This was done through regular measurements of gentamicin pharmacokinetic, serum biochemical, and urinalysis data every other day.
- At the end of the two weeks, the ponies’ kidneys were examined histologically, and the results were scored.
Research Findings
- Four out of five ponies that did not receive calcium developed acute renal failure.
- In contrast, only one out of five ponies that received the calcium supplement developed acute renal failure.
- Therefore, the research found that ponies who were given the calcium supplement demonstrated significantly fewer changes in urinalysis variables, indicating that calcium helped reduce the overall impact on their kidneys.
- Furthermore, these ponies had significantly less microscopic renal damage compared to the control group.
Conclusions
- This daily intravenous administration of calcium significantly lessened the severity of gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in ponies.
- Consequently, the study concludes that calcium supplementation can assist in reducing the risk of acute renal failure associated with antibiotics of the aminoglycoside class, such as gentamicin.
Cite This Article
APA
Brashier MK, Geor RJ, Ames TR, O'Leary TP.
(1998).
Effect of intravenous calcium administration on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis in ponies.
Am J Vet Res, 59(8), 1055-1062.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical and Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul 55108, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / toxicity
- Blood Glucose / metabolism
- Blood Urea Nitrogen
- Calcium / administration & dosage
- Calcium / therapeutic use
- Calcium Gluconate / administration & dosage
- Calcium Gluconate / therapeutic use
- Creatinine / blood
- Electrolytes / blood
- Electrolytes / urine
- Female
- Gentamicins / administration & dosage
- Gentamicins / pharmacokinetics
- Gentamicins / toxicity
- Glycosuria
- Horses
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Kidney / drug effects
- Kidney / pathology
- Nephrosis / chemically induced
- Nephrosis / pathology
- Nephrosis / prevention & control
- Urinalysis / veterinary
- Urine / cytology
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Zuluaga AF, Agudelo M, Cardeño JJ, Rodriguez CA, Vesga O. Determination of therapeutic equivalence of generic products of gentamicin in the neutropenic mouse thigh infection model. PLoS One 2010 May 20;5(5):e10744.
- Arosalo BM, Raekallio M, Rajamäki M, Holopainen E, Kastevaara T, Salonen H, Sankari S. Detecting early kidney damage in horses with colic by measuring matrix metalloproteinase -9 and -2, other enzymes, urinary glucose and total proteins. Acta Vet Scand 2007 Jan 23;49(1):4.
- van Galen G, Divers TJ, Savage V, Schott HC 2nd, Siwinska N. ECEIM consensus statement on equine kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Jul-Aug;38(4):2008-2025.
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