Effect of live yeast culture supplementation on hindgut microbial communities and their polysaccharidase and glycoside hydrolase activities in horses fed a high-fiber or high-starch diet.
Abstract: Four cecum and right ventral colon-fistulated horses were assigned in a 4 x 4 Latin square design and fed a high-fiber (HF) or a high-starch (HS) diet with or without 10 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC; CBS 493.94) containing 4.5 x 10(9) cfu/g. The HF and HS diets consisted of pelleted feeds and long wheat straw (18.0 and 3.5 g of DM.kg(-1) of BW.d(-1), respectively) given in 2 equal meals to provide an NDF:starch ratio of 3.5 and 1.0, respectively. After a 21-d adaptation period intestinal contents were collected 4 h after the morning meal on d 23 and 25 to determine bacterial and SC concentrations. Polysaccharidase activities (CMCase, xylanase, amylase) and activities of glycoside hydrolases (alpha-l-arabinosidase, beta-d-cellobiosidase, beta-d-glucosidase, beta-d-xylosidase) were determined in liquid-associated bacteria (LAB) and solid-adherent bacteria (SAB) isolated from both compartments. Lactobacilli were increased in the cecum (P = 0.012) and colon (P = 0.086) when starch intake increased, whereas total anaerobes, cellulolytics, and streptococci did not change in either compartment. In yeast-supplemented horses, SC concentrations were greater in cecum (4.4 x 10(6) cfu/mL) than in right-ventral colon (5.6 x 10(4) cfu/mL) and did no change with diet. Concentrations of lactobacilli and lactic-acid utilizers were greater (P = 0.099 and 0.067, respectively) in the cecum but remained similar in the colon of SC-supplemented horses. The CMCase activities of SAB were not affected by diet. Colonic xylanase activities of SAB were reduced (P = 0.046) by starch addition, but no change was seen in the cecum. All SAB glucoside hydrolase activities in the cecum and colon, except beta-d-xylosidase in the cecum, were decreased when starch intake was increased. The LAB CMCase (P = 0.049 in the colon) and xylanase (P = 0.021 in the cecum; P < 0.001 in the colon) activities decreased with starch intake. No effect of starch on LAB or SAB amylase activity was observed. Addition of SC improved SAB CMCase in the cecum (P = 0.019) and colon (P = 0.037) as well as beta-d-cellobiosidase (P = 0.002) and beta-d-glucosidase (P = 0.041) in the cecum. Only xylanase in the cecum (P = 0.015) and beta-d-xylosidase in the cecum (P = 0.028) were improved with SC, whereas colonic LAB alpha-amylase activity was significantly decreased (P = 0.046). Most enzymes involved in plant cell wall digestion were increased after SC addition. This fact may contribute to explain a better digestion of fiber that has been previously reported in SC-supplemented horses.
Publication Date: 2009-05-22 PubMed ID: 19465499DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1602Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article describes a study where horses were given different diets supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast culture, and researchers observed the effect on their gut bacteria and enzyme activity. The study found that the yeast supplementation improved the horses’ digestion of fiber, suggesting potential benefits for horse nutrition.
Introduction and Methodology
- The goal of the study was to investigate the effect of yeast culture supplementation on hindgut microbial communities and their polysaccharidase and glycoside hydrolase activities in horses. These activities are important as they play a crucial role in the horses’ ability to digest food properly.
- The researchers used four cecum and right ventral colon-fistulated horses. These horses were divided into four groups in a 4 x 4 Latin square design and fed different diets: a high-fiber (HF) diet or a high-starch (HS) diet, each with or without supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- The researchers measured bacterial and yeast concentrations, as well as enzyme activities, in the horses’ intestines to understand the impact of the diets.
Results
- The addition of starch to the diet increased the concentration of lactobacilli in the horses’ hindgut but had no effect on total anaerobes, cellulolytic bacteria, and streptococci. This suggests that the presence of starch selectively promotes the growth of certain microorganisms.
- When the diet was supplemented with yeast, yeast concentrations were notably higher in the cecum than in the right-ventral colon. The presence of yeast had no effect on the counts of lactobacilli and lactic-acid utilizers in the colon, but the count was significantly increased in the cecum.
- Starch intake decreased all glucoside hydrolase activities in solid-adherent bacteria (SAB) in both the cecum and colon, except for beta-D-xylosidase in the cecum. Meanwhile, it caused a decrease in the activities of CMCase and xylanase (both polysaccharidases) in liquid-associated bacteria (LAB) but had no effect on LAB or SAB amylase activity.
Conclusion
- Yeast supplementation improved some specific enzyme activities in SAB both in the cecum and colon, suggesting an enhanced ability to digest fiber. This supports the fact that most enzymes involved in plant cell wall digestion were increased after yeast addition.
- The different responses of SAB and LAB to the dietary changes, and the different microbial and enzymatic profiles between the cecum and colon, highlight the complexity of the horse’s gut microbiome and its ability to respond to dietary modifications.
- The yeast supplementation’s positive impact on gut microbiome and enzyme activities suggests it might be a beneficial addition to horse diets for improved fiber digestion.
Cite This Article
APA
Jouany JP, Medina B, Bertin G, Julliand V.
(2009).
Effect of live yeast culture supplementation on hindgut microbial communities and their polysaccharidase and glycoside hydrolase activities in horses fed a high-fiber or high-starch diet.
J Anim Sci, 87(9), 2844-2852.
https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1602 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR1213 Herbivores, Site de Theix, 63122 Saint Genes Champanelle, France.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bacteria / enzymology
- Cecum / microbiology
- Colon / microbiology
- Colony Count, Microbial
- Diet / veterinary
- Dietary Supplements
- Horses / microbiology
- Horses / physiology
- Hydrolases / metabolism
- Male
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Citations
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