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Effect of moderate exercise immediately followed by induced hyperglycemia on gene expression and content of the glucose transporter-4 protein in skeletal muscles of horses.
Abstract: To determine the effect of a single bout of exercise and increased substrate availability after exercise on gene expression and content of the glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) protein in equine skeletal muscle. Methods: 6 healthy adult Thoroughbreds. Methods: The study was designed in a balanced, randomized, 3-way crossover fashion. During 2 trials, horses were exercised at 45% of their maximal rate of oxygen consumption for 60 minutes after which 1 group received water (10 mL/kg), and the other group received glucose (2 g/kg, 20% solution) by nasogastric intubation. During 1 trial, horses stood on the treadmill (sham exercise) and then received water (10 mL/kg) by nasogastric intubation. Muscle glycogen concentration and muscle GLUT-4 protein and mRNA content were determined before exercise and at 5 minutes and 4, 8, and 24 hours after exercise. Results: Although exercise resulted in a 30% reduction in muscle glycogen concentration, no significant difference was detected in muscle GLUT-4 protein or mRNA content before and after exercise. Glycogen replenishment was similar in both exercised groups and was not complete at 24 hours after exercise. Horses that received glucose had significantly higher plasma glucose and insulin concentrations for 3 hours after exercise, but no effect of hyperglycemia was detected on muscle GLUT-4 protein or mRNA content. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, neither exercise nor the combination of exercise followed by hyperglycemia induced translation or transcription of the GLUT-4 protein in horses.
Publication Date: 2003-11-19 PubMed ID: 14620777DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1401Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This study researched the impact of moderate exercise and post-exercise increased sugar levels on the expression of the glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) protein in horse skeletal muscle. The results suggest that neither the exercise nor the combination of exercise and high sugar levels triggered changes in GLUT-4 protein production in horses.
Study Design
- The researchers conducted the study in a balanced, randomized, three-way crossover design.
- The subjects of the study were six healthy adult Thoroughbreds.
- The exercise regimen consisted of having the horses run at 45% of their maximum oxygen consumption rates for an hour.
- After the exercise, two trials were conducted: one group of horses received water, while the other received a 20% glucose solution, both administered via nasogastric intubation.
- An additional trial featured horses standing on a treadmill without any exercise – a sham exercise – followed by water administration
Assessments Carried Out
- The researchers measured muscle glycogen concentration and the content of muscle GLUT-4 protein and mRNA at multiple intervals: before exercise, and 5 minutes, 4 hours, 8 hours, and 24 hours after exercise.
Results
- The exercise regimen led to a 30% reduction in muscle glycogen concentration.
- However, there were no detectable changes in GLUT-4 protein or its mRNA content before and after exercise, indicating that exercise did not affect the production of GLUT-4 protein in horse muscle.
- The replenishment of muscle glycogen was found to be similar in both the exercised groups and remained incomplete 24 hours after the exercise.
- Horses consuming the glucose solution had substantially higher glucose and insulin concentrations in the blood for 3 hours following exercise. Despite this, the consumption of glucose didn’t show any marked impact on the GLUT-4 protein or its mRNA content in the skeletal muscle.
Conclusions
- Basing on the conducted study, the researchers concluded that neither moderate exercise nor the combination of moderate exercise followed by high sugar levels induced the transcription or translation of GLUT-4 protein in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Nout YS, Hinchcliff KW, Jose-Cunilleras E, Dearth LR, Sivko GS, DeWille JW.
(2003).
Effect of moderate exercise immediately followed by induced hyperglycemia on gene expression and content of the glucose transporter-4 protein in skeletal muscles of horses.
Am J Vet Res, 64(11), 1401-1408.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1401 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Glucose / metabolism
- Exercise Test / veterinary
- Female
- Glucose / administration & dosage
- Glucose / pharmacology
- Glucose Transporter Type 4
- Glycogen / metabolism
- Horses
- Hyperglycemia / physiopathology
- Intubation, Gastrointestinal
- Lactates / blood
- Male
- Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / genetics
- Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / metabolism
- Muscle Proteins
- Muscle, Skeletal / physiology
- Oxygen Consumption
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Vidal Moreno de Vega C, Lemmens D, de Meeûs d'Argenteuil C, Boshuizen B, de Maré L, Leybaert L, Goethals K, de Oliveira JE, Hosotani G, Deforce D, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Devisscher L, Delesalle C. Dynamics of training and acute exercise-induced shifts in muscular glucose transporter (GLUT) 4, 8, and 12 expression in locomotion versus posture muscles in healthy horses. Front Physiol 2023;14:1256217.
- Gonzalez ML, Jacobs RD, Ely KM, Johnson SE. Dietary tributyrin supplementation and submaximal exercise promote activation of equine satellite cells. J Anim Sci 2019 Dec 17;97(12):4951-4956.
- Lacombe VA. Expression and regulation of facilitative glucose transporters in equine insulin-sensitive tissue: from physiology to pathology. ISRN Vet Sci 2014;2014:409547.
- Johnson PJ, Wiedmeyer CE, LaCarrubba A, Ganjam VK, Messer NT 4th. Diabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in horses. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2012 May 1;6(3):534-40.
- Giri JK, Magdesian KG, Gaffney PM. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus associated with presumed autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome in a mare. Can Vet J 2011 May;52(5):506-12.
- Boshuizen B, De Maré L, Oosterlinck M, Van Immerseel F, Eeckhaut V, De Meeus C, Devisscher L, Vidal Moreno de Vega C, Willems M, De Oliveira JE, Hosotani G, Gansemans Y, Meese T, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Vanderperren K, Verdegaal EL, Delesalle C. Aleurone supplementation enhances the metabolic benefits of training in Standardbred mares: impacts on glucose-insulin dynamics and gut microbiome composition. Front Physiol 2025;16:1565005.
- Valberg SJ, Velez-Irizarry D, Williams ZJ, Pagan JD, Mesquita V, Waldridge B, Maresca-Fichter H. Novel Expression of GLUT3, GLUT6 and GLUT10 in Equine Gluteal Muscle Following Glycogen-Depleting Exercise: Impact of Dietary Starch and Fat. Metabolites 2023 Jun 1;13(6).
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