FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Frontiers in veterinary science2015; 2; 58; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00058

Effect of Pre- and Postoperative Phenylbutazone and Morphine Administration on the Breathing Response to Skin Incision, Recovery Quality, Behavior, and Cardiorespiratory Variables in Horses Undergoing Fetlock Arthroscopy: A Pilot Study.

Abstract: This prospective blinded randomized study aimed to determine whether the timing of morphine and phenylbutazone administration affects the breathing response to skin incision, recovery quality, behavior, and cardiorespiratory variables in horses undergoing fetlock arthroscopy. Ten Standardbred horses were premedicated with acepromazine (0.04 mg kg(-1) IM) and romifidine (0.04 mg kg(-1) IV). Anesthesia was induced with diazepam (0.05 mg kg(-1)) and ketamine (2.2 mg kg(-1)) IV at T0. Horses in group PRE (n = 5) received morphine (0.1 mg kg(-1)) and phenylbutazone (2.2 mg kg(-1)) IV after induction and an equivalent amount of saline after surgery. Horses in group POST (n = 5) received the inversed treatment. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane 2% in 100% oxygen. Hypotension (mean arterial pressure <60 mmHg) was treated with dobutamine. All horses breathed spontaneously. Dobutamine requirements, respiratory rate (f R), heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure, end-tidal CO2, inspired (i) and expired (e) tidal and minute volume (V T and [Formula: see text]), inspiratory time (IT), and the inspiratory gas flow (V Ti/IT) were measured every 5 min. Data were averaged during four 15 min periods before (P1 and P2) and after the incision (P3 and P4). Serial blood-gas analyses were also performed. Recoveries were unassisted, video recorded, and scored by three anesthetists blinded to the treatment. The postoperative behavior of the horses (25 demeanors), HR, and f R were recorded at three time points before induction (T0-24 h, T0-12 h, and T0-2 h) and six time points after recovery (TR) (TR + 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 h). Data were compared between groups using a Wilcoxon test and within groups using a Friedman test or a Kruskal-Wallis signed-rank test when applicable. Tidal volumes (V Te and V Ti) were higher in PRE than in POST during all the considered periods but the difference between groups was only significant during P2 (V Te in mL kg(-1) in PRE: 13 [9, 15], in POST: 9 [8, 9], p = 0.01). None of the other variables were significantly different between and within groups. Under our experimental conditions, skin incision did not affect respiratory variables. Administration of pre- versus postoperative phenylbutazone and morphine did not influence recovery quality, HR, f R, or animal behavior.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2015-11-23 PubMed ID: 26664985PubMed Central: PMC4672197DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00058Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The pilot study investigates whether the timing of pain relief medication, specifically morphine and phenylbutazone, affects the respiratory response during surgical procedures, recovery, behaviour, and physiological variables in horses. The study found no significant difference in responses, regardless of when the medication was given.

Methodology

  • The trial involved ten Standardbred horses, who were divided into two groups – PRE and POST – representing the timing of their medication relative to surgery.
  • All horses underwent fetlock arthroscopy, a procedure used to diagnose and treat joint problems in horses.
  • Pain relief medication was administered either before (PRE group) or after surgery (POST group).
  • The PRE group was given morphine and phenylbutazone immediately after induction of anesthesia, whereas the POST group received the same medication after surgery.
  • Physiological variables such as respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, end-tidal CO2, and tidal volume were collected at regular intervals during and after the procedure.
  • Data were examined in four 15-minute periods before and after the surgery.
  • The recovery process was assessed by three anesthetists through video recordings. The postoperative behavior of the horses, including their heart rates, and respiratory rates were monitored at various time intervals.
  • The data was then compared between the two groups using statistical methods.

Findings

  • Tidal volume, the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs during a single breath, was found to be higher in the PRE group than the POST group during the periods considered, but only significantly so during the second period (P2).
  • No significant differences were found between or within the groups for any of the other variables, such as recovery quality, heart rate, respiratory rate, or behavioral changes.
  • The study suggests that the timing of pain relief medication did not affect the respiratory response during and after surgery.

Conclusion

  • This study shows that the timing of administration of phenylbutazone and morphine does not significantly influence the respiratory response to surgery, recovery quality, or animal behavior in horses.
  • The researchers conclude that the skin incision, a common step in surgical procedures, did not affect respiratory variables under the conditions of their experiment.
  • This research could help inform best practice when managing pain relief in horses undergoing such procedures.

Cite This Article

APA
Conde Ruiz C, Cruz Benedetti IC, Guillebert I, Portier KG. (2015). Effect of Pre- and Postoperative Phenylbutazone and Morphine Administration on the Breathing Response to Skin Incision, Recovery Quality, Behavior, and Cardiorespiratory Variables in Horses Undergoing Fetlock Arthroscopy: A Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci, 2, 58. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2015.00058

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 2
Pages: 58
PII: 58

Researcher Affiliations

Conde Ruiz, Clara
  • Anaesthesiology, Pôle Equin, VetAgro Sup, Lyon University , Marcy L´Etoile , France.
Cruz Benedetti, Inga-Catalina
  • Anaesthesiology, Pôle Equin, VetAgro Sup, Lyon University , Marcy L´Etoile , France.
Guillebert, Isabelle
  • Anaesthesiology, Pôle Equin, VetAgro Sup, Lyon University , Marcy L´Etoile , France.
Portier, Karine Genevieve
  • Anaesthesiology, Pôle Equin, VetAgro Sup, Lyon University , Marcy L´Etoile , France ; CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM UMR-1060, University of Lyon , Lyon , France.

References

This article includes 40 references
  1. Valverde A, Rickey E, Sinclair M, Rioja E, Pedernera J, Hathway A, Cruz A. Comparison of cardiovascular function and quality of recovery in isoflurane-anaesthetised horses administered a constant rate infusion of lidocaine or lidocaine and medetomidine during elective surgery.. Equine Vet J 2010 Apr;42(3):192-9.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00027.xpubmed: 20486974google scholar: lookup
  2. Johnston GM, Eastment JK, Wood J, Taylor PM. The confidential enquiry into perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF): mortality results of Phases 1 and 2.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2002 Oct;29(4):159-170.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2002.00106.xpubmed: 28404360google scholar: lookup
  3. Price J, Catriona S, Welsh EM, Waran NK. Preliminary evaluation of a behaviour-based system for assessment of post-operative pain in horses following arthroscopic surgery.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2003 Jul;30(3):124-37.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2003.00132_15.xpubmed: 14498844google scholar: lookup
  4. Raekallio M, Taylor P, Blomfield M. A comparison of methods for evaluation of pain and distress after orthopaedic surgery in horses. J Vet Anaesth (1997) 24:17–20.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.1997.tb00150.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  5. Cullen DJ, Eger EI 2nd, Stevens WC, Smith NT, Cromwell TH, Cullen BF, Gregory GA, Bahlman SH, Dolan WM, Stoelting RK, Fourcade HE. Clinical signs of anesthesia.. Anesthesiology 1972 Jan;36(1):21-36.
    doi: 10.1097/00000542-197201000-00005pubmed: 4399653google scholar: lookup
  6. Eger EI 2nd, Dolan WM, Stevens WC, Miller RD, Way WL. Surgical stimulation antagonizes the respiratory depression produced by forane.. Anesthesiology 1972 Jun;36(6):544-9.
    doi: 10.1097/00000542-197206000-00005pubmed: 5033777google scholar: lookup
  7. Sutherland RW, Drummond GB. Effects of surgical skin incision on respiration in patients anaesthetized with enflurane.. Br J Anaesth 1996 Jun;76(6):777-9.
    doi: 10.1093/bja/76.6.777pubmed: 8679348google scholar: lookup
  8. Dockery MP, Drummond GB. Respiratory response to skin incision during anaesthesia with infusions of propofol and alfentanil.. Br J Anaesth 2002 May;88(5):649-52.
    doi: 10.1093/bja/88.5.649pubmed: 12067001google scholar: lookup
  9. Clutton RE. Opioid analgesia in horses.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2010 Dec;26(3):493-514.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2010.07.002pubmed: 21056296google scholar: lookup
  10. Clarke KW, Paton BS. Combined use of detomidine with opiates in the horse.. Equine Vet J 1988 Sep;20(5):331-4.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01540.xpubmed: 3181117google scholar: lookup
  11. Nolan A, Chambers J, Hale G. The cardiorespiratory effects of morphine and butorphanol in horses anaesthetized under clinical conditions. J Vet Anaesth (1991) 18:19–24.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.1991.tb00007.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  12. Kruger K, Stegmann GF, Becker PJ. Preliminary investigation of concurrent administration of phenylbutazone and romifidine in healthy horses.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2011 Sep;38(5):505-9.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00642.xpubmed: 21831057google scholar: lookup
  13. Clark L. Pre-emptive or preventive analgesia - lessons from the human literature?. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014 Mar;41(2):109-12.
    doi: 10.1111/vaa.12119pubmed: 24588927google scholar: lookup
  14. Raekallio M, Taylor PM, Bennett RC. Preliminary investigations of pain and analgesia assessment in horses administered phenylbutazone or placebo after arthroscopic surgery.. Vet Surg 1997 Mar-Apr;26(2):150-5.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1997.tb01478.xpubmed: 9068166google scholar: lookup
  15. Love EJ, Lane JG, Murison PJ. Morphine administration in horses anaesthetized for upper respiratory tract surgery.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2006 May;33(3):179-88.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00247.xpubmed: 16634944google scholar: lookup
  16. Clark L, Clutton RE, Blissitt KJ, Chase-Topping ME. The effects of morphine on the recovery of horses from halothane anaesthesia.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2008 Jan;35(1):22-9.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00350.xpubmed: 17565570google scholar: lookup
  17. Moens YP, Gootjes P, Ionita JC, Heinonen E, Schatzmann U. In vitro validation of a Pitot-based flow meter for the measurement of respiratory volume and flow in large animal anaesthesia.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2009 May;36(3):209-19.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00449.xpubmed: 19397772google scholar: lookup
  18. Portier KG, Séna A, Senior M, Clutton RE. A study of the correlation between objective and subjective indices of recovery quality after inhalation anaesthesia in equids.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2010 Jul;37(4):329-36.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2010.00542.xpubmed: 20529009google scholar: lookup
  19. R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; (2013).
  20. Muir WW. Pain: mechanisms and management in horses.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2010 Dec;26(3):467-80.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2010.07.008pubmed: 21056294google scholar: lookup
  21. Seitsonen ER, Korhonen IK, van Gils MJ, Huiku M, Lötjönen JM, Korttila KT, Yli-Hankala AM. EEG spectral entropy, heart rate, photoplethysmography and motor responses to skin incision during sevoflurane anaesthesia.. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005 Mar;49(3):284-92.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00654.xpubmed: 15752389google scholar: lookup
  22. Rantanen M, Yli-Hankala A, van Gils M, Yppärilä-Wolters H, Takala P, Huiku M, Kymäläinen M, Seitsonen E, Korhonen I. Novel multiparameter approach for measurement of nociception at skin incision during general anaesthesia.. Br J Anaesth 2006 Mar;96(3):367-76.
    doi: 10.1093/bja/ael005pubmed: 16431883google scholar: lookup
  23. Takeyama M, Matsunaga A, Kakihana Y, Masuda M, Kuniyoshi T, Kanmura Y. Impact of skin incision on the pleth variability index.. J Clin Monit Comput 2011 Aug;25(4):215-21.
    doi: 10.1007/s10877-011-9298-9pubmed: 21928109google scholar: lookup
  24. Haga HA, Dolvik NI. Electroencephalographic and cardiovascular variables as nociceptive indicators in isoflurane-anaesthetized horses.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2005 May;32(3):128-35.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00194.xpubmed: 15877659google scholar: lookup
  25. Rohrbach H, Korpivaara T, Schatzmann U, Spadavecchia C. Comparison of the effects of the alpha-2 agonists detomidine, romifidine and xylazine on nociceptive withdrawal reflex and temporal summation in horses.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2009 Jul;36(4):384-95.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00466.xpubmed: 19538573google scholar: lookup
  26. Kaka JS, Klavano PA, Hayton WL. Pharmacokinetics of ketamine in the horse.. Am J Vet Res 1979 Jul;40(7):978-81.
    pubmed: 507501
  27. Waterman AE, Robertson SA, Lane JG. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered ketamine in the horse.. Res Vet Sci 1987 Mar;42(2):162-6.
    pubmed: 3589163
  28. Raimondi G, Legramante JM, Iellamo F, Frisardi G, Cassarino S, Peruzzi G. Noxious stimuli do not determine reflex cardiorespiratory effects in anesthetized rabbits.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1996 Dec;81(6):2421-7.
    pubmed: 9018488doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.6.2421google scholar: lookup
  29. Martin WR. Pharmacology of opioids.. Pharmacol Rev 1983 Dec;35(4):283-323.
    pubmed: 6144112
  30. Muir WW. Drugs used to produce standing chemical restraint in horses.. Vet Clin North Am Large Anim Pract 1981 May;3(1):17-44.
    pubmed: 6115498doi: 10.1016/s0196-9846(17)30144-1google scholar: lookup
  31. ECKENHOFF JE, OECH SR. The effects of narcotics and antagonists upon respiration and circulation in man. A review.. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1960 Jul-Aug;1:483-524.
    pubmed: 13819208
  32. Nikoda VV, Petrov RO, Sandrikov VA, Chizhov AI. [Effects of opioid analgesics on pulmonary ventilation and metabolism in patients with acute postoperative pain].. Anesteziol Reanimatol 1994 Jul-Aug;(4):28-9.
    pubmed: 7802313
  33. Steffey EP, Eisele JH, Baggot JD. Interactions of morphine and isoflurane in horses.. Am J Vet Res 2003 Feb;64(2):166-75.
    doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.166pubmed: 12602585google scholar: lookup
  34. Mircica E, Clutton RE, Kyles KW, Blissitt KJ. Problems associated with perioperative morphine in horses: a retrospective case analysis.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2003 Jul;30(3):147-55.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2995.2003.00092.xpubmed: 14498846google scholar: lookup
  35. Steffey EP, Howland D Jr. Comparison of circulatory and respiratory effects of isoflurane and halothane anesthesia in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1980 May;41(5):821-5.
    pubmed: 7406305
  36. Clark L, Clutton RE, Blissitt KJ, Chase-Topping ME. Effects of peri-operative morphine administration during halothane anaesthesia in horses.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2005 Jan;32(1):10-5.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2004.00174.xpubmed: 15663734google scholar: lookup
  37. Katz J, McCartney CJ. Current status of preemptive analgesia.. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2002 Aug;15(4):435-41.
    doi: 10.1097/00001503-200208000-00005pubmed: 17019235google scholar: lookup
  38. Ingwersen W, Fox R, Cunningham G, Winhall M. Efficacy and safety of 3 versus 5 days of meloxicam as an analgesic for feline onychectomy and sterilization.. Can Vet J 2012 Mar;53(3):257-64.
    pmc: PMC3280777pubmed: 22942440
  39. Gozalo-Marcilla M, Steblaj B, Schauvliege S, Duchateau L, Gasthuys F. Comparison of the influence of two different constant-rate infusions (dexmedetomidine versus morphine) on anaesthetic requirements, cardiopulmonary function and recovery quality in isoflurane anaesthetized horses.. Res Vet Sci 2013 Dec;95(3):1186-94.
    doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.09.014pubmed: 24148870google scholar: lookup
  40. Kissin I. Preemptive analgesia.. Anesthesiology 2000 Oct;93(4):1138-43.
    doi: 10.1097/00000542-200010000-00040pubmed: 11020772google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Sylvain L, Jerneja S, Karine P. Respiratory response to finger clamping in dogs under general anesthesia: A descriptive pilot study. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:843956.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.843956pubmed: 35928110google scholar: lookup
  2. Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11061777pubmed: 34198637google scholar: lookup
  3. Jahanian F, Hosseininejad SM, Amini Ahidashti H, Bozorgi F, Goli Khatir I, Montazar SH, Azarfar V. Efficacy and Safety of Morphine and Low Dose Ketamine for Pain Control of Patients with Long Bone Fractures: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial. Bull Emerg Trauma 2018 Jan;6(1):31-36.
    doi: 10.29252/beat-060105pubmed: 29379807google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,658 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.