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Effect of unfocused extracorporeal shock wave therapy on growth factor gene expression in wounds and intact skin of horses.
Abstract: To compare the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on expression of fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF-7), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) in skin with surgically created skin wounds and intact skin in horses. Methods: 14 healthy horses. Methods: 8 horses were treated with ESWT at 6 locations along the neck at 36, 24, 12, 6, 2, or 1 hour prior to collection of full-thickness biopsy specimens from each location; a control specimen was collected from a sham-treated location. In 6 horses, 5 full-thickness wounds were created in each forelimb. Wounds in 1 forelimb/horse received ESWT immediately after creation and subsequently on days 7, 14, and 21; wounds in the contralateral forelimb remained untreated. Biopsy specimens were collected from 1 wound on each forelimb on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Expression levels of FGF-7, TGF-β1, IGF-1, PDGF, and VEGF were assessed in tissue samples from the horses' necks and forelimbs. Results: In surgically created wounds, ESWT treatment was associated with reduced TGF-β1 expression, compared with expression in control wounds, during the entire study period. At 28 days following wound creation, IGF-1 expression was significantly increased for treated and untreated wounds, compared with findings on days 7, 14, 21, and 35. There was no significant effect of treatment on FGF-7, TGF-β1, IGF-1, PDGF, or VEGF expression in intact skin. Conclusions: Intervention with ESWT to suppress TGF-β1 may decrease granulation tissue production, resulting in improved wound healing on the distal portion of horses' limbs.
Publication Date: 2013-02-01 PubMed ID: 23363361DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.2.324Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The article describes a study on how shock wave therapy affects gene expression related to wound healing in horses. It found that this treatment reduced expression of a certain growth factor in created wounds, potentially leading to better wound healing.
Study Overview
- The study’s main goal was to compare the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on the expression of several growth factors in both wounded and intact skin of horses. The growth factors examined were fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF-7), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF).
- The experiment involved 14 healthy horses. 8 of them underwent ESWT at various locations on their necks at different time intervals before full-thickness biopsy samples were taken. The other 6 horses had full-thickness wounds made in each forelimb. In these 6 horses, one set of their wounds received the ESWT treatment immediately after creation and again on days 7, 14, and 21. The wounds on the opposite forelimb remained untreated.
Study Results
- The researchers discovered that in the created wounds, ESWT treatment was associated with reduced TGF-β1 expression compared to the control wounds, and this difference remained throughout the study.
- On the 28th day following wound creation, the scientists observed a significant increase in the IGF-1 expression for both treated and untreated wounds, but this was not the case on days 7, 14, 21, and 35.
- On the other hand, there was no significant effect of treatment on FGF-7, TGF-β1, IGF-1, PDGF, or VEGF expression in the intact skin of the horses.
Study Conclusions
- The results of the study suggest that ESWT may be used to suppress TGF-β1, which could consequently decrease the production of granulation tissue. As granulation tissue is the new connective tissue that forms when the surface area of a wound is healing, decreasing its production could improve the wound healing procedure in the distal portion of horses’ limbs.
Cite This Article
APA
Link KA, Koenig JB, Silveira A, Plattner BL, Lillie BN.
(2013).
Effect of unfocused extracorporeal shock wave therapy on growth factor gene expression in wounds and intact skin of horses.
Am J Vet Res, 74(2), 324-332.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.74.2.324 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Female
- Forelimb / injuries
- Forelimb / metabolism
- Forelimb / pathology
- Forelimb / radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation / radiation effects
- Granulation Tissue / cytology
- Granulation Tissue / metabolism
- Granulation Tissue / radiation effects
- High-Energy Shock Waves / therapeutic use
- Horses / injuries
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / radiation effects
- Male
- Neck / pathology
- Neck / radiation effects
- Neck Injuries / metabolism
- Neck Injuries / pathology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Skin / injuries
- Skin / metabolism
- Skin / pathology
- Skin / radiation effects
- Time Factors
- Wound Healing / radiation effects
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Ribeiro G, Carvalho L, Borges J, Prazeres J. The Best Protocol to Treat Equine Skin Wounds by Second Intention Healing: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2024 May 18;14(10).
- Starosta M, Marek K, Redlicka J, Miller E. Extracorporeal Shockwave Treatment as Additional Therapy in Patients with Post-Stroke Spasticity of Upper Limb-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024 Mar 30;13(7).
- Suputtitada A. Emerging theory of sensitization in post-stroke muscle spasticity. Front Rehabil Sci 2023;4:1169087.
- Abo Elyazed TI, Al-Azab IM, Abd El-Hakim AAE, Elkady SM, Afifi RMM, Obaya HE. Effect of high-intensity laser therapy versus shockwave therapy on selected outcome measures in osteoporotic long-term hemiparetic patients: a randomized control trial. J Orthop Surg Res 2023 Sep 2;18(1):653.
- Boström A, Bergh A, Hyytiäinen H, Asplund K. Systematic Review of Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine in Sport and Companion Animals: Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy. Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 12;12(22).
- Fatima A, Ahmad A, Gilani SA, Darain H, Kazmi S, Hanif K. Effects of High-Energy Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Pain, Functional Disability, Quality of Life, and Ultrasonographic Changes in Patients with Calcified Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy. Biomed Res Int 2022;2022:1230857.
- Leng Y, Lo WLA, Hu C, Bian R, Xu Z, Shan X, Huang D, Li L. The Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Spastic Muscle of the Wrist Joint in Stroke Survivors: Evidence From Neuromechanical Analysis. Front Neurosci 2020;14:580762.
- Li C, Li Z, Shi L, Wang P, Gao F, Sun W. Effectiveness of Focused Shockwave Therapy versus Radial Shockwave Therapy for Noncalcific Rotator Cuff Tendinopathies: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Biomed Res Int 2021;2021:6687094.
- Duan H, Li H, Liu H, Zhang H, Liu N, Dong Q, Li Z. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy combined with alginate dressing for treatment of sacroiliac decubital necrosis in older adults: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(19):e19849.
- Dymarek R, Ptaszkowski K, Ptaszkowska L, Kowal M, Sopel M, Taradaj J, Rosińczuk J. Shock Waves as a Treatment Modality for Spasticity Reduction and Recovery Improvement in Post-Stroke Adults - Current Evidence and Qualitative Systematic Review. Clin Interv Aging 2020;15:9-28.
- Shi L, Gao F, Sun W, Wang B, Guo W, Cheng L, Li Z, Wang W. Short-term effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients. Osteoporos Int 2017 Oct;28(10):2945-2953.
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