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Effects of calcified cartilage on healing of chondral defects treated with microfracture in horses.
Abstract: Microfracture of full-thickness articular defects has been shown to significantly enhance the amount of repair tissue. However, there is a suggestion that leaving calcified cartilage inhibits this repair response. Objective: Removal of the calcified cartilage with retention of subchondral bone enhances the amount of attachment of the repair tissue compared with retention of the calcified cartilage layer. Methods: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: There were 1-cm(2) articular cartilage defects made in 12 skeletally mature horses on the axial weightbearing portion of both medial femoral condyles. Using a custom measuring device and direct arthroscopic observation of the subchondral bone beneath the calcified cartilage layer, the authors removed the calcified cartilage from 1 defect of each horse. The repair was assessed with arthroscopy, clinical examination, radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging examinations, biopsy at 4 months, gross and histopathologic examinations at 12 months, as well as mRNA and immunohistochemical evaluations. Results: Removal of calcified cartilage with retention of the subchondral bone plate increased the overall repair tissue as assessed by arthroscopic (4 months) and gross evaluation (12 months). An increase in the level of the subchondral bone was also observed with removal of the calcified cartilage layer. The clinical pain, radiographic examinations, magnetic resonance imaging evaluations, histologic character, matrix proteins, or mRNA expression do not appear to differ based on level of defect debridement. Conclusions: Removal of the calcified cartilage layer appears to provide optimal amount and attachment of repair tissue. Therefore, close arthroscopic visualization is recommended for debridement of clinical lesions to ensure removal of the calcified cartilage layer.
Publication Date: 2006-07-10 PubMed ID: 16832126DOI: 10.1177/0363546506289882Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research study investigates the effects of calcified cartilage removal on the healing of full-thickness articular defects in horses. The findings show that removing the calcified cartilage layer enhances the repair tissue’s growth and attachment, without affecting other parameters like pain levels, matrix proteins, or gene expression.
Research Methodology
- An experiment was conducted on 12 mature horses by artificially creating a 1-cm² articular cartilage defect on both medial femoral condyles, which is a commonly weight-bearing portion of the bone.
- The calcified cartilage layer was removed from one defect in each horse, while leaving the subchondral bone intact.
- The authors employed a custom measuring device and direct arthroscopic observation to accurately gauge the amount of subchondral bone beneath the removed cartilage layer.
- The progress of the cartilage repair was monitored over a period of one year, using arthroscopy, clinical examinations, biopsies, radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as gross and histopathologic examinations.
- Additional assessment methods included mRNA and immunohistochemical evaluations to scrutinize potential molecular changes.
Research Findings
- The results consistently showed that removal of the calcified cartilage layer led to an increase in were the volume of repair tissue as per the evaluations conducted via arthroscopy (at 4 months) as well as gross examination (at 12 months).
- There was also a noticeable increase in the level of the subchondral bone upon removing the calcified cartilage layer.
- Notably, none of the other parameters such as clinical pain, radiographic evaluations, magnetic resonance imaging evaluations, histologic character, or even the expression levels of matrix proteins mRNA appeared to be affected by the level of defect debridement.
Conclusions
- The findings strongly imply that removing the calcified cartilage layer enhances the extent and attachment of repair tissue, thereby potentially improving the healing process for full-thickness articular defects.
- The authors recommend close arthroscopic visualization during debridement of clinical lesions in order to ensure adequate removal of the calcified cartilage layer, as it appears to provide the optimal condition for cartilage regeneration.
Cite This Article
APA
Frisbie DD, Morisset S, Ho CP, Rodkey WG, Steadman JR, McIlwraith CW.
(2006).
Effects of calcified cartilage on healing of chondral defects treated with microfracture in horses.
Am J Sports Med, 34(11), 1824-1831.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546506289882 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, 80523, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Calcinosis / pathology
- Calcinosis / surgery
- Cartilage Diseases / pathology
- Cartilage Diseases / surgery
- Cartilage, Articular / injuries
- Cartilage, Articular / metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular / pathology
- Cartilage, Articular / surgery
- Collagen / metabolism
- Debridement
- Femur / surgery
- Horses
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / metabolism
- Models, Animal
- Orthopedic Procedures
- Osteogenesis
- RNA, Messenger / metabolism
- Wound Healing
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