FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(2); doi: 10.3390/ani13020216

Effects of High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) on Skin Surface Temperature and Vein Diameter in Healthy Racehorses with Clipped and Non-Clipped Coat.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the effects of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on skin surface temperature and vein diameter in the carpal joint region in racehorses with clipped and non-clipped treatment areas. The study included 20 Thoroughbreds split into two equal groups: clipped coat and non-clipped coat. Horses underwent thermographic examination to detect changes in skin surface temperature at the medial surface of the carpal joint, followed by ultrasonographic examination to assess changes in the diameter of the medial palmar vein before and after HILT. The increase in skin surface temperature after HILT was significantly lower in the group with clipped coat than in the non-clipped group. The group with clipped coat showed a greater increase in vessel diameter. There was a significantly weak negative correlation between the changes in average skin surface temperature and vein diameter in both groups. In conclusion, an efficient photothermal effect can be achieved in skin with a non-clipped coat and clipping the treatment area increases photobiostimulation of the tissue, while reducing the photothermal effect. Further research is needed to specify the parameters for the treatment of skin with clipped and non-clipped coat in order to perform effective laser therapy.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2023-01-06 PubMed ID: 36670756PubMed Central: PMC9854543DOI: 10.3390/ani13020216Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates the contrasting impacts of High-Intensity Laser Therapy, also known as HILT, on skin temperature and vein diameter of racehorses that are divided into two groups – one with a non-clipped coat and the other with a clipped coat. The study suggested that a horse with a unclipped coat demonstrated a more efficient photothermal effect following HILT while those with clipped coats saw increased photobiostimulation but reduced photothermal effect.

Research Methodology

  • The study involved 20 Thoroughbred racehorses which were evenly divided into two groups of ten; one consisted of horses with clipped coats while the other group was made up of horses with non-clipped coats.
  • The horses underwent a thermographic examination, a process by which temperature changes at the skin’s surface on the medial side of the horse’s carpal joint were detected. This test was conducted before and after the horses were subjected to HILT.
  • Simultaneously, ultrasonographic examination was carried out to assess changes in diameter of the medial palmar vein before and after the laser therapy.

Key Findings

  • Findings indicated that the increase in skin surface temperature following HILT was considerably lower in the group of horses that had their coats clipped when compared to the group with unclipped coats.
  • On the other hand, the group of horses with clipped coats displayed a larger increase in the diameter of the vein.
  • There was a noted but weak negative correlation between changes in average skin surface temperature and changes in vein diameter in both groups.

Conclusion and Further Research

  • The conclusion drawn from the study was a definitive finding that applying HILT to horses with a non-clipped coat yields a more efficient photothermal effect, while horses with a clipped coat show increased photobiostimulation but a reduced photothermal effect.
  • Despite the results, the researchers concluded that further studies are needed to specify the exact parameters required for the efficient use of laser therapy on horses depending on whether their coats are clipped or not. This indicates that the optimal mode of treatment could potentially vary based on the state of the horse’s coat.

Cite This Article

APA
Zielińska P, Soroko-Dubrovina M, Śniegucka K, Dudek K, Čebulj-Kadunc N. (2023). Effects of High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) on Skin Surface Temperature and Vein Diameter in Healthy Racehorses with Clipped and Non-Clipped Coat. Animals (Basel), 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13020216

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 2

Researcher Affiliations

Zielińska, Paulina
  • Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland.
Soroko-Dubrovina, Maria
  • Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
Śniegucka, Karolina
  • Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
Dudek, Krzysztof
  • Center for Statistical Analysis, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 2-6, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
Čebulj-Kadunc, Nina
  • Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 32 references
  1. Fortuna D. High-intensity laser therapy for the equine patient.. In: Riegel R.J., Godbold J.C. Jr., editors. Laser Therapy in Veterinary Medicine: Photobiomodulation. Wiley Blackwell; New York, NY, USA: 2017. pp. 415–421.
  2. Kidtiwong A, Issariyodom P, Pirunsan U, Na Lampang K, Rungsri P. Superficial digital flexor tendinitis treatment using high-intensity laser therapy and therapeutic ultrasound in polo ponies.. Vet. Integr. Sci. 2022;20:253–266.
    doi: 10.12982/VIS.2022.020google scholar: lookup
  3. Basford J.R. Low intensity laser therapy: Still not an established clinical tool.. Laser Surg. Med. 1995;16:331–342.
    doi: 10.1002/lsm.1900160404pubmed: 7651054google scholar: lookup
  4. Alayat M.S, Atya A.M, Ali M.M, Shosha T.M. Long-term effect of high-intensity laser therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain: A randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial.. Lasers Med. Sci. 2014;29:1065–1073.
    doi: 10.1007/s10103-013-1472-5pubmed: 24178907google scholar: lookup
  5. Zielińska P, Soroko M, Godlewska M, Śniegucka K, Dudek K, Howell K. Photothermal effect of high-intensity laser therapy on the superficial digital flexor tendon area in clinically healthy racehorses.. Animals 2022;12:1253.
    doi: 10.3390/ani12101253pmc: PMC9137476pubmed: 35625098google scholar: lookup
  6. Santamato A, Solfrizzi V, Panza F, Tondi G, Frisardi V, Leggin B.G, Ranieri M, Fiore P. Short-term effects of high-intensity laser therapy versus ultrasound therapy in the treatment of people with subacromial impingement syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.. Phys. Ther. 2009;89:643–652.
    doi: 10.2522/ptj.20080139pubmed: 19482902google scholar: lookup
  7. Thabet A.A.E, Elsodany A.M, Battecha K.H, Alshehri M.A, Refaat B. High-intensity laser therapy versus pulsed electromagnetic field in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 2017;29:1742–1748.
    doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.1742pmc: PMC5684002pubmed: 29184281google scholar: lookup
  8. White P.F, Elvir-Lazo O.L, Yumul R. Cold laser therapy for acute and chronic pain management: A comparison of low-level and high-intensity laser therapy devices.. Anesthesiol. News. 2019;13:65–77.
  9. Prindeze N.J, Moffatt L.T, Shupp J.W. Mechanisms of action for light therapy: A review of molecular interactions.. Exp. Biol. Med. 2012;237:1241–1248.
    doi: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012180pubmed: 23239434google scholar: lookup
  10. Hochman-Elam L.N, Heidel R.E, Shmalberg J.W. Effects of laser power, wavelength, coat length, and coat color on tissue penetration using photobiomodulation in healthy dogs.. Can. J. Vet. Res. 2020;84:131–137.
    pmc: PMC7088515pubmed: 32255908
  11. Peat F.J, Colbath A.C, Bentsen L.M, Goodrich L.R, King M.R. In vitro effects of high-intensity laser photobiomodulation on equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell viability and cytokine expression.. Photomed. Laser Surg. 2018;36:83–91.
    doi: 10.1089/pho.2017.4344pubmed: 29131717google scholar: lookup
  12. Desmet K.D, Paz D.A, Corry J.J, Eells J.T, Wong-Riley M.T, Henry M.M, Buchmann E.V, Connelly M.P, Dovi J.V, Liang H.L. Clinical and experimental applications of NIR-LED photo-biomodulation.. Photomed. Laser Surg. 2006;24:121–128.
    doi: 10.1089/pho.2006.24.121pubmed: 16706690google scholar: lookup
  13. Walsh L.J. The current status of low level laser therapy in dentistry. Part 1. Soft tissue applications.. Aust. Dent. J. 1997;42:247–254.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.1997.tb00129.xpubmed: 9316312google scholar: lookup
  14. Pluim M, Martens A, Vanderperren K, Sarrazin S, Koene M, Luciani A, Van Weeren P, Delesalle C. Short- and long term follow-up of 150 sports horses diagnosed with tendinopathy or desmopathy by ultrasonographic examination and treated with high-power laser therapy.. Res. Vet. Sci. 2018;119:232–238.
    doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.06.003pubmed: 30005398google scholar: lookup
  15. Zielińska P, Nicpoń J, Kiełbowicz Z, Soroko M, Dudek K, Zaborski D. Effects of high intensity laser therapy in the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries in performance horses.. Animals 2020;10:1327.
    doi: 10.3390/ani10081327pmc: PMC7459490pubmed: 32751968google scholar: lookup
  16. Jaafar S.E, Al-Bayti A.A, Abdullah S.I. Using short term of high power laser therapy in horse’s tendon injuries.. Arch. Razi Inst. 2021;76:1437–1444.
    pmc: PMC8934084pubmed: 35355739
  17. Zielińska P, Kiełbowicz Z, Paczuska J. High Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) in treatment of orthopedic diseases in horses.. Med. Weter. 2015;7:373–376.
  18. Quiney L, Murray R, Dyson D. Management of primary injuries of the medial collateral ligament of the carpus in two horses.. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2020;86:102878.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102878pubmed: 32067669google scholar: lookup
  19. Haussler K.K, Manchon P.T, Donnell J.R, Frisbie D.D. Effects of low-level laser therapy and chiropractic care on back pain in quarter horses.. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2020;86:102891.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102891pubmed: 32067657google scholar: lookup
  20. Chung H, Dai T, Sharma S.K, Huang Y.Y, Carroll J.D, Hamblin M.R. The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy.. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2012;40:516–533.
    doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0454-7pmc: PMC3288797pubmed: 22045511google scholar: lookup
  21. Zielińska P, Soroko M, Howell K, Godlewska M, Hildebrand W, Dudek K. Comparison of the effect of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on skin surface temperature and vein diameter in pigmented and non-pigmented skin in healthy racehorses.. Animals 2021;11:1965.
    doi: 10.3390/ani11071965pmc: PMC8300361pubmed: 34209183google scholar: lookup
  22. Duesterdieck-Zellmer K.F, Larson M.K, Plant T.K, Sundholm-Tepper A, Payton M.E. Ex vivo penetration of low-level laser light through equine skin and flexor tendons.. Am. J. Vet. Res. 2016;77:991–999.
    doi: 10.2460/ajvr.77.9.991pubmed: 27580111google scholar: lookup
  23. Ryan T, Smith R. An investigation into the depth of penetration of low level laser therapy through the equine tendon in vivo.. Ir. Vet. J. 2007;60:295–299.
    doi: 10.1186/2046-0481-60-5-295pmc: PMC3113823pubmed: 21851694google scholar: lookup
  24. Godlewska M, Soroko M, Zielińska P. Assessment of vein diameter and body surface temperature after high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on the tarsal joint in healthy horses.. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2020;93:103198.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103198pubmed: 32972685google scholar: lookup
  25. Soroko M, Zaborski D, Dudek K, Yarnell K, Górniak W, Vardasca R. Evaluation of thermal pattern distributions in racehorse saddles using infrared thermography.. PLoS ONE 2019;14:e0221622.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221622pmc: PMC6709906pubmed: 31449556google scholar: lookup
  26. Howell K, Dudek K, Soroko M. Thermal camera performance and image analysis repeatability in equine thermography.. Infrared Phys. Technol. 2020;110:103447.
    doi: 10.1016/j.infrared.2020.103447google scholar: lookup
  27. Laakso L, Richardson C, Cramond T. Factors affecting low level laser therapy.. Aust. J. Physiother. 1993;39:95–99.
    doi: 10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60473-6pubmed: 25026134google scholar: lookup
  28. Millis D.L, Saunders D.G. Canine Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy.. W.B. Saunders; Philly, PA, USA: 2014. Laser therapy in canine rehabilitation; pp. 359–380.
  29. Bergh A, Nyman G, Lundeberg T, Drevemo S. Effect of defocused CO2 laser on equine skin, subcutis and fetlock joint temperature.. Equine Comp. Exerc. Physiol. 2005;2:61–69.
    doi: 10.1079/ECP200447google scholar: lookup
  30. Cena K. Radiative heat loss from animal and man.. In: Monteih J.L., Mount L.E., editors. Heat Loss From Animals and Man. Butterworths; London, UK: 1974. pp. 34–57.
  31. Turner T.A, Fessler J.F, Lamp M, Pearce J.A, Geddes L.A. Thermographic evaluation of horses with podotrochlosis.. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1983;44:535–539.
    pubmed: 6869948
  32. Nagasawa A, Kato K, Negishi A. Bone regeneration effect of low level lasers including argon laser.. Laser Ther. 1991;3:59–62.
    doi: 10.5978/islsm.91-OR-07google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Čebulj-Kadunc N, Frangež R, Kruljc P. Long-Term Changes of Physiological Reactions in Young Lipizzan Stallions During Exercise Testing. Animals (Basel) 2025 Aug 23;15(17).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15172479pubmed: 40941274google scholar: lookup
  2. Nawrot K, Soroko-Dubrovina M, Zielińska P, Dudek K, Howell K. The Application of Infrared Thermography in the Assessment of BEMER Physical Vascular Therapy on Body Surface Temperature in Racing Thoroughbreds: A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2024 May 23;14(11).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14111538pubmed: 38891585google scholar: lookup
  3. Zielińska P, Soroko-Dubrovina M, Dudek K, Ruzhanova-Gospodinova IS. A Preliminary Study of the Influence of High Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) on Skin Surface Temperature and Longissimus Dorsi Muscle Tone Changes in Thoroughbred Racehorses with Back Pain. Animals (Basel) 2023 Feb 22;13(5).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13050794pubmed: 36899651google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 100,129 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.