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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Effects of low-dust forages on dust exposure, airway cytolog...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2022; 37(1); 338-348; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16598

Effects of low-dust forages on dust exposure, airway cytology, and plasma omega-3 concentrations in Thoroughbred racehorses: A randomized clinical trial.

Abstract: Racehorses commonly develop evidence of mild asthma in response to dust exposure. Diets deficient in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3) might exacerbate this response. Objective: To compare dust exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, and plasma Ω-3 and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) concentrations amongst racehorses fed dry hay, steamed hay, and haylage. Methods: Forty-three Thoroughbred racehorses. Methods: Prospective clinical trial. Horses were randomly assigned to be fed dry hay, steamed hay, or haylage for 6 weeks. Measures of exposure to dust in the breathing zone were obtained twice. At baseline, week-3, and week-6, BALF cytology was examined. Plasma lipid profiles and plasma SPM concentrations were examined at baseline and week 6. Generalized linear mixed models examined the effect of forage upon dust exposure, BALF cytology, Ω-3, and SPM concentrations. Results: Respirable dust was significantly higher for horses fed hay (least-square mean ± s.e.m. 0.081 ± 0.007 mg/m ) when compared with steamed hay (0.056 ± 0.005 mg/m , P = .01) or haylage (0.053 ± 0.005 mg/m , P < .01). At week 6, BALF neutrophil proportions in horses eating haylage (3.0% ± 0.6%) were significantly lower compared with baseline (5.1 ± 0.7, P = .04) and horses eating hay (6.3% ± 0.8%, P < .01). Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratios were higher in horses eating haylage for 6 weeks (0.51 ± 0.07) when compared with baseline (0.34 ± 0.05, P < .01) and horses eating steamed (0.24 ± 0.02, P < .01) or dry hay (0.25 ± 0.03, P < .01). Conclusions: Steamed hay and haylage reduce dust exposure compared with dry hay, but only haylage increased the ratio of anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory lipids while reducing BAL neutrophil proportions within 6 weeks.
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2022-12-07 PubMed ID: 36478588PubMed Central: PMC9889630DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16598Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Veterinary
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study examines the effects of different types of hay on dust exposure and related lung health among racehorses, finding that haylage, when compared to regular or steamed hay, leads to lower dust exposure and improved lung health indicators.

Research Methodology

  • The study was a prospective clinical trial involving 43 Thoroughbred racehorses randomly assigned to be fed with one of three types of forages: dry hay, steamed hay, or haylage for 6 weeks.
  • Dust exposure was recorded by measuring the amount of airborne dust in the horses’ respective breathing zones at two different points in time across the trial period.
  • The horses’ lung health was then evaluated through bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) examinations at the start of the trial, at week-3, and again at week-6. The BALF cytology involves analyzing the types and numbers of cells in fluid from the horse’s lungs.
  • The researchers also analyzed plasma lipid profiles and plasma concentrations of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which are substances involved in resolving inflammation in the body, at the beginning and end of the trial.
  • The effects of the different types of hay on dust exposure, lung health (as indicated by BALF cytology), and ratios of various lipids in the blood were statistically analyzed using generalized linear mixed models.

Key Findings

  • Respirable dust was notably higher in horses fed with dry hay as compared to those horses fed with steamed hay or haylage.
  • A significant reduce in BALF neutrophil count, which is a type of white blood cell and an indicator of inflammation and infection, was observed in horses eating haylage at week 6 compared with the baseline measurement and with horses eating hay.
  • The ratio of anti-inflammatory (eicosapentaenoic acid) to pro-inflammatory (arachidonic acid) lipids in the blood was higher in horses fed with haylage for 6 weeks when compared with baseline ratios and with those horses fed with either dry or steamed hay.

Conclusions

  • Feeding racehorses with steamed hay and haylage can help reduce dust exposure compared to dry hay. Therefore, these forages can be used to limit the horses’ risk of developing respiratory issues from dust inhalation.
  • Haylage was unique in its ability to both increase the ratio of anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory lipids and reduce the proportions of BAL neutrophils within 6 weeks. This indicates a significant beneficial effect of haylage on lung health in horses compared to the other types of forages tested in this study.

Cite This Article

APA
Olave CJ, Ivester KM, Couetil LL, Burgess J, Park JH, Mukhopadhyay A. (2022). Effects of low-dust forages on dust exposure, airway cytology, and plasma omega-3 concentrations in Thoroughbred racehorses: A randomized clinical trial. J Vet Intern Med, 37(1), 338-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16598

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 37
Issue: 1
Pages: 338-348

Researcher Affiliations

Olave, Carla J
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Ivester, Kathleen M
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Couetil, Laurent L
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Burgess, John
  • Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Park, Jae Hong
  • School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Mukhopadhyay, Abhijit
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Dust
  • Prospective Studies
  • Respiratory System
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
  • Diet / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases

Grant Funding

  • IND020767AH / National Institute of Food and Agriculture
  • C&M Forage
  • Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation
  • State of Indiana and PVM Research Account
  • T03 OH008615 / NIOSH CDC HHS
  • Haygain

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 7 times.
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