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International journal of molecular sciences2021; 22(12); 6391; doi: 10.3390/ijms22126391

Effects of Normal Synovial Fluid and Interferon Gamma on Chondrogenic Capability and Immunomodulatory Potential Respectively on Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Abstract: Synovial fluid contains cytokines, growth factors and resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The present study aimed to (1) determine the effects of autologous and allogeneic synovial fluid on viability, proliferation and chondrogenesis of equine bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs) and (2) compare the immunomodulatory properties of equine synovial fluid MSCs (SFMSCs) and BMMSCs after stimulation with interferon gamma (INF-γ). To meet the first aim of the study, the proliferation and viability of MSCs were evaluated by MTS and calcein AM staining assays. To induce chondrogenesis, MSCs were cultured in a medium containing TGF-β1 or different concentrations of synovial fluid. To meet the second aim, SFMSCs and BMMSCs were stimulated with IFN-γ. The concentration of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and nitric oxide (NO) were examined. Our results show that MSCs cultured in autologous or allogeneic synovial fluid could maintain proliferation and viability activities. Synovial fluid affected chondrocyte differentiation significantly, as indicated by increased glycosaminoglycan contents, compared to the chondrogenic medium containing 5 ng/mL TGF-β1. After culturing with IFN-γ, the conditioned media of both BMMSCs and SFMSCs showed increased concentrations of IDO, but not NO. Stimulating MSCs with synovial fluid or IFN-γ could enhance chondrogenesis and anti-inflammatory activity, respectively, suggesting that the joint environment is suitable for chondrogenesis.
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Publication Date: 2021-06-15 PubMed ID: 34203758PubMed Central: PMC8232615DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126391Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examines the impacts of synovial fluid and Interferon Gamma (INF-γ) on the chondrogenic capability and immunomodulatory potential of horse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The findings show that the stem cells, when cultured in synovial fluid or stimulated with INF-γ, displayed improved chondrogenesis and anti-inflammatory activity respectively.

Objective and Methodology

  • The purpose of the research was two-fold. First, to investigate the impact of autologous (taken from the same individual) and allogeneic (taken from a different individual) synovial fluid on the resilience, multiplication, and chondrogenesis (development into cartilage cells) of horse bone marrow stem cells. Second, to compare the immunomodulatory characteristics of synovial fluid stem cells and bone marrow stem cells when stimulated with INF-γ.
  • The scientists executed the first part of the study by evaluating the stem cells’ proliferation and viability through MTS and calcein AM staining assays. To provoke chondrogenesis, the cells were cultured in a medium containing Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) or varying concentrations of synovial fluid.
  • For the second part of the study, synovial fluid stem cells and bone marrow stem cells were stimulated with INF-γ. Then the concentration of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and nitric oxide (NO) in the cells was measured.

Key Findings

  • Results showed that stem cells cultured in autologous or allogeneic synovial fluid could maintain proliferation and viability activities. Interestingly, synovial fluid significantly affected chondrocyte differentiation, which was indicated by an increase in glycosaminoglycan contents, compared to the chondrogenic medium containing 5 ng/mL TGF-β1.
  • It was also found that after the cells were stimulated with INF-γ, both the bone marrow stem cells and the synovial fluid stem cells demonstrated an increase in the concentration of IDO, but not NO. This suggests that stimulation with INF-γ enhances the stem cells’ anti-inflammatory activity.
  • The research concludes that stimulation with either synovial fluid or INF-γ could heighten chondrogenesis and anti-inflammatory activity respectively, which alludes to the fact that the joint environment is potentially suitable for chondrogenesis.

Cite This Article

APA
Zayed M, Adair S, Dhar M. (2021). Effects of Normal Synovial Fluid and Interferon Gamma on Chondrogenic Capability and Immunomodulatory Potential Respectively on Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci, 22(12), 6391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126391

Publication

International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
NlmUniqueID: 101092791
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 22
Issue: 12
PII: 6391

Researcher Affiliations

Zayed, Mohammed
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
  • Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
Adair, Steve
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Dhar, Madhu
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bone Marrow Cells / cytology
  • Cell Differentiation / drug effects
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cell Shape / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Chondrogenesis / drug effects
  • Colony-Forming Units Assay
  • Horses
  • Immunomodulation / drug effects
  • Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / metabolism
  • Interferon-gamma / pharmacology
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / drug effects
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / enzymology
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / immunology
  • Nitric Oxide / metabolism
  • Synovial Fluid / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • Grant number R181710145 / Center of Excellence in Livestock Diseases and Human Health, University of Tennessee

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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