Effects of prior exercise on muscle metabolism during sprint exercise in horses.
Abstract: The effect of warm-up exercise on energy metabolism and muscle glycogenolysis during sprint exercise (Spr) was examined in six fit Standardbred horses exercised at 115% of maximal O(2) consumption (VO(2 max)) until fatigued, 5 min after each of three protocols: 1) no warm-up (NWU); 2) 10 min at 50% of VO(2 max) [low-intensity warm-up (LWU)]; and 3) 7 min at 50% VO(2 max) followed by 45-s intervals at 80, 90, and 100% VO(2 max) [high-intensity warm-up (HWU)]. Warm-up increased (P < 0.0001) muscle temperature (T(m)) at the onset of Spr in LWU (38.3 +/- 0.2 degrees C) and HWU (40.0 +/- 0. 3 degrees C) compared with NWU (36.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C), and the rate of rise in T(m) during Spr was greater in NWU than in LWU and HWU (P < 0.01). Peak VO(2) was higher and O(2) deficit lower (P < 0. 05) when Spr was preceded by warm-up. Rates of muscle glycogenolysis were lower (P < 0.05) in LWU, and rates of blood and muscle lactate accumulation and anaerobic ATP provision during Spr were lower in LWU and HWU compared with NWU. Mean runtime (s) in LWU (173 +/- 10 s) was greater than HWU (142 +/- 11 s) and NWU (124 +/- 4 s) (P < 0. 01). Warm-up was associated with augmentation of aerobic energy contribution to total energy expenditure, decreased glycogenolysis, and longer run time to fatigue during subsequent sprint exercise, with no additional benefit from HWU vs. LWU.
Publication Date: 1999-11-24 PubMed ID: 10562637DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1914Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research indicates that performing a warm-up before high-intensity sprinting can increase aerobic energy contribution, decrease glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose for energy), and enhance the overall run time to fatigue in Standardbred horses, without additional benefit between low-intensity and high-intensity warm-ups.
Research Methodology
- This study examined six physically fit Standardbred horses.
- The subjects were made to exercise at 115% of their maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) until they experienced fatigue.
- This was performed 5 minutes after each of three distinct exercise protocols: no warm-up (NWU), 10 minutes of warm-up at 50% of VO2 max (low-intensity warm-up or LWU), and 7 minutes at 50% of VO2 max followed by 45-second intervals at 80%, 90%, and 100% of VO2 max (high-intensity warm-up or HWU).
Findings
- The results showed that warming up effectively increased the muscle temperature at the start of the sprint in both LWU and HWU, when compared with NWU.
- The rate at which muscle temperature rose during the sprint was notably higher in NWU than in LWU and HWU.
- The maximum VO2 as well as oxygen deficit was found to be higher when the sprint was performed post warm-up.
- Lower rates of muscle glycogen breakdown were seen in the LWU protocol, and both LWU and HWU demonstrated reduced rates of blood and muscle lactate accumulation, as well as lower anaerobic ATP production (energy units utilized in high-intensity exercises) during the sprint, when compared to NWU.
- Lastly, the average run time in LWU was found to be significantly longer than both HWU and NWU.
Conclusions
- Overall, the research concluded that a warm-up was associated with an increase in the contribution of aerobic energy to total energy usage, a decrease in glycogenolysis, and a longer run time to fatigue during subsequent sprint exercises.
- Additionally, no specific benefit was identified from the high-intensity warm-up versus the low-intensity warm-up.
This work could provide valuable insights into the preparation and training methods for horses, especially those participating in high-intensity sports.
Cite This Article
APA
McCutcheon LJ, Geor RJ, Hinchcliff KW.
(1999).
Effects of prior exercise on muscle metabolism during sprint exercise in horses.
J Appl Physiol (1985), 87(5), 1914-1922.
https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1914 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
MeSH Terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism
- Anaerobic Threshold / physiology
- Animals
- Body Temperature / physiology
- Body Weight / physiology
- Energy Metabolism / physiology
- Glycogen / metabolism
- Hematocrit
- Horses / physiology
- Lactic Acid / blood
- Muscle Proteins / metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
- Oxygen / blood
- Oxygen Consumption / physiology
- Physical Exertion / physiology
- Pulmonary Gas Exchange / physiology
- Running / physiology
Citations
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