Effects of rice bran oil on plasma lipid concentrations, lipoprotein composition, and glucose dynamics in mares.
Abstract: Plasma lipid concentrations, lipoprotein composition, and glucose dynamics were measured and compared between mares fed diets containing added water, corn oil (CO), refined rice bran oil (RR), or crude rice bran oil (CR) to test the hypothesis that rice bran oil lowers plasma lipid concentrations, alters lipoprotein composition, and improves insulin sensitivity in mares. Eight healthy adult mares received a basal diet fed at 1.5 times the DE requirement for maintenance and each of the four treatments according to a repeated 4 x 4 Latin square design consisting of four 5-wk feeding periods. Blood samples were collected for lipid analysis after mares were deprived of feed overnight at 0 and 5 wk. Glucose dynamics were assessed at 0 and 4 wk in fed mares by combined intravenous glucose-insulin tolerance tests. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured, and estimated values of insulin sensitivity (SI), glucose effectiveness, and net insulin response were obtained using the minimal model. Mean BW increased (P = 0.014) by 29 kg (range = 10 to 50 kg) over 5 wk. Mean plasma concentrations of NEFA, triglyceride (TG), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) decreased (P < 0.001) by 55, 30, and 39%, respectively, and plasma high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations increased (P < 0.001) by 15 and 12%, respectively, over 5 wk. Changes in plasma NEFA (r = 0.58; P < 0.001) and TC (r = 0.44; P = 0.013) concentrations were positively correlated with weight gain over 5 wk. Lipid components of VLDL decreased (P < 0.001) in abundance over 5 wk, whereas the relative protein content of VLDL increased by 39% (P < 0.001). Addition of oil to the basal diet instead of water lowered plasma NEFA and TG concentrations further (P = 0.002 and 0.020, respectively) and increased plasma TC concentrations by a greater magnitude (P = 0.072). However, only plasma TG concentrations and VLDL free cholesterol content were affected (P = 0.024 and 0.009, respectively) by the type of oil added to the diet. Mean plasma TG concentration decreased by 14.2 mg/dL over 5 wk in the CR group, which was a larger (P < 0.05) decrease than the one (-5.3 mg/dL) detected in mares that received water. Consumption of experimental diets lowered S(I), but glucose dynamics were not affected by oil supplementation. Addition of oil to the diet altered blood lipid concentrations, and supplementation with CR instead of water specifically affected plasma TG concentrations and VLDL free cholesterol content.
Publication Date: 2005-10-19 PubMed ID: 16230647DOI: 10.2527/2005.83112509xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Controlled Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates the effects of rice bran oil in the diet of horses on their blood lipid concentrations, composition of lipoproteins, and sugar metabolism. It found that rice bran oil decreases blood lipid concentrations, modifies lipoprotein composition, and aids in glucose dynamics.
Research Methodology
- Eight healthy adult horses were selected for the study.
- They were fed a basic diet that was further supplemented with water, corn oil, refined rice bran oil, or crude rice bran oil.
- A repeated 4×4 Latin square design was used for the experimental design, consisting of four, five-week feeding periods.
- Blood samples were taken from the horses after they were deprived of feed overnight before and after the feeding periods.
- The glucose dynamics were evaluated in fed horses through combined intravenous glucose-insulin tolerance tests at the beginning and end of each period.
- Insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, and the overall insulin response were obtained using a computational model.
Research Findings
- On average, there was a significant increase in body weight of the horses over the course of the study.
- On average, there were significant decreases in the concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), as well as increases in high-density lipoproteins and total cholesterol over the study period.
- Changes in NEFA and total cholesterol concentrations were found to be positively correlated with weight gain over the study period.
- The relative protein content of VLDL increased over the study period.
- Oil supplements in the diet, as opposed to water supplments, led to further decreases in plasma NEFA and triglyceride concentrations and larger increases in total cholesterol concentrations.
- The type of oil supplement (crude rice bran oil versus refined rice bran oil versus corn oil) specifically affected plasma triglyceride concentrations and VLDL free cholesterol content.
- Overall, the research found that with the consumption of the experimental diets, insulin sensitivity decreased, but glucose dynamics remained unaffected by oil supplementation.
Conclusion
- These findings suggest that the addition of oil, specifically rice bran oil, in the diet can result in changes in blood lipid concentrations, composition of lipoproteins, and glucose dynamics in horses.
- This could potentially have implications for the dietary management of horses, especially those at risk for metabolic disorders.
Cite This Article
APA
Frank N, Andrews FM, Elliott SB, Lew J, Boston RC.
(2005).
Effects of rice bran oil on plasma lipid concentrations, lipoprotein composition, and glucose dynamics in mares.
J Anim Sci, 83(11), 2509-2518.
https://doi.org/10.2527/2005.83112509x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996, USA. nfrank@utk.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animal Feed
- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
- Animals
- Blood Glucose / drug effects
- Blood Glucose / metabolism
- Cross-Over Studies
- Diet / veterinary
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / pharmacology
- Dietary Supplements
- Female
- Horses / blood
- Horses / metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Lipids / blood
- Lipoproteins / blood
- Plant Oils / pharmacology
- Rice Bran Oil
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Kinsella HM, Hostnik LD, Snyder HA, Mazur SE, Kamr AM, Burns TA, Mossbarger JC, Toribio RE. Comparison of insulin sensitivity between healthy neonatal foals and horses using minimal model analysis. PLoS One 2022;17(1):e0262584.
- Ishaka A, Umar Imam M, Mahamud R, Zuki AB, Maznah I. Characterization of rice bran wax policosanol and its nanoemulsion formulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2014;9:2261-9.
- Ferlazzo AM, Bruschetta G, Di Pietro P, Medica P, Notti A, Rotondo E. Phospholipid composition of plasma and erythrocyte membranes in animal species by 31P NMR. Vet Res Commun 2011 Dec;35(8):521-30.
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