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The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2004; 90(3); 1734-1740; doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-0939

Effects of soy isoflavones and conjugated equine estrogens on inflammatory markers in atherosclerotic, ovariectomized monkeys.

Abstract: The effects of dietary soy isoflavones (IF) and conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) on circulating inflammatory markers were determined at the end of a 3-yr study of ovariectomized monkeys consuming a moderately atherogenic diet. Treatments were: 1) control, receiving alcohol-extracted soy-protein-based diet with low IF content (comparable to approximately 5 mg/d); 2) CEE, added to the control diet at a dose comparable to 0.625 mg/d; and 3) IF, consumed as a part of unextracted soy protein isolate at a dose comparable to 129 mg/d. Serum soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) was reduced by both IF (P < 0.006) and CEE (P < 0.0001) relative to controls. Serum monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 was reduced by CEE (P < 0.0001) but not by IF (P = 1.00). Treatments did not affect serum IL-6 (P = 0.40), soluble E-selectin (P = 0.17), or C-reactive protein (P = 0.15). Serum MCP-1 and, to a lesser extent, IL-6 significantly correlated with atherosclerosis (plaque area) in the iliac and carotid arteries (all P < 0.05). Serum MCP-1 was also strongly associated with coronary artery atherosclerosis and with indices of plaque inflammation and matrix remodeling (matrix metalloproteinase-9) in the coronary artery intima (all P < 0.01). We conclude that, in this well-established nonhuman primate model of atherosclerosis, this dose of soy IF provided an antiinflammatory effect specific for sVCAM-1, whereas the effects of CEE extended to both sVCAM-1 and MCP1. It is possible that the atheroprotective effects of IF and CEE are mediated, at least in part, by effects on VCAM-1. The sites of IF inhibitory effects on sVCAM-1 production are not known, but likely candidates include the liver and/or the cardiovascular system.
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Publication Date: 2004-12-07 PubMed ID: 15585561DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-0939Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the impact of soy isoflavones (IF) and conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) on inflammation markers in monkeys with atherosclerosis (a type of heart disease) who are also ovariectomized (have their ovaries surgically removed). Results showed that both substances reduced some inflammatory markers, implying a possible protective effect against atherosclerosis.

Study Design and Treatments

  • The researchers used a three-year study on ovariectomized monkeys that consumed a diet moderately causing atherosclerosis. To assess the effects of dietary soy isoflavones and conjugated equine estrogens, they divided the monkeys into three treatment groups: a control group where monkeys received an alcohol-extracted soy-protein-based diet with low IF content, one group with CEE added to the control diet, and another group with IF consumed as part of unextracted soy protein isolate.

Results and Findings

  • Both IF and CEE cut down serum soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), a protein that’s linked with inflammation.
  • CEE reduced serum monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, a substance that attracts white blood cells to the site of inflammation, but IF didn’t have the same effect.
  • Neither IF nor CEE had noticeable effects on serum IL-6, soluble E-selectin, or C-reactive protein, three markers that are related to inflammation.
  • They found significant correlations between serum MCP-1 and IL-6 and atherosclerosis in the iliac and carotid arteries. In addition, MCP-1 had a strong association with coronary artery atherosclerosis and with indices of plaque inflammation and matrix remodeling.

Conclusion

  • From the results, the researchers concluded that, in their chosen nonhuman primate model of atherosclerosis, this dose of soy IF had an antiinflammatory effect specific for sVCAM-1, whereas the effects of CEE also extended to MCP1.
  • They posited that the protective effects against atherosclerosis of IF and CEE might be mediated partially by their effects on VCAM-1. However, they noted that the places where IF inhibits sVCAM-1 production aren’t known yet, but it could be the liver and/or the cardiovascular system as likely places.

Cite This Article

APA
Register TC, Cann JA, Kaplan JR, Williams JK, Adams MR, Morgan TM, Anthony MS, Blair RM, Wagner JD, Clarkson TB. (2004). Effects of soy isoflavones and conjugated equine estrogens on inflammatory markers in atherosclerotic, ovariectomized monkeys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 90(3), 1734-1740. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0939

Publication

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
ISSN: 0021-972X
NlmUniqueID: 0375362
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 90
Issue: 3
Pages: 1734-1740

Researcher Affiliations

Register, Thomas C
  • Comparative Medicine Clinical Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040, USA. register@wfubmc.edu
Cann, Jennifer A
    Kaplan, Jay R
      Williams, J Koudy
        Adams, Michael R
          Morgan, Timothy M
            Anthony, Mary S
              Blair, Robert M
                Wagner, Janice D
                  Clarkson, Thomas B

                    MeSH Terms

                    • Animals
                    • Arteriosclerosis / drug therapy
                    • Arteriosclerosis / immunology
                    • Arteriosclerosis / pathology
                    • Biomarkers / blood
                    • Chemokine CCL2 / blood
                    • Coronary Vessels / drug effects
                    • Coronary Vessels / metabolism
                    • Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / pharmacology
                    • Female
                    • Isoflavones / pharmacology
                    • Macaca fascicularis
                    • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / metabolism
                    • Ovariectomy
                    • Soybean Proteins / pharmacology

                    Citations

                    This article has been cited 24 times.
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