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Effects of the bronchoalveolar lavage procedure on lung function in horses with clinical exacerbation of recurrent airway obstruction.
Abstract: To evaluate whether bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) alters respiratory mechanics of horses with recurrent airway obstruction (ie, heaves) over a 48-hour period. Methods: 6 horses affected with heaves. Methods: Horses were subjected to a complete BAL procedure, which included sedation with xylazine and butorphanol, intratracheal administration of lidocaine, and instillation and aspiration of two 250-mL boluses of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution through an endoscope (study 1). To evaluate the effects of saline solution, horses were subjected to the same procedure without saline solution instillation and aspiration (study 2). Lastly, the endoscope was similarly introduced into the lower airways, without sedation or saline instillation and aspiration (study 3). Respiratory mechanics were performed at baseline (time 0) and at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after each procedure. Results: In study 1, BAL induced a significant decrease in pulmonary resistance lasting up to 6 hours. This may have resulted from clearance of mucus in large airways. We also observed a significant increase in lung elastance and transpulmonary pressure at 12 hours after BAL in all 3 studies, which may be attributed to a circadian effect. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the temporal effects of BAL procedures on lung mechanics should be taken into account when designing research protocols involving horses with heaves. Future studies should address the immediate effects of BAL on lung function.
Publication Date: 2006-11-03 PubMed ID: 17078757DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.11.1929Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study investigates the impact of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on the lung function of horses suffering from chronic lung disease called ‘heaves.’ The impact was assessed over a 48-hour period and showed a decrease in pulmonary resistance and an increase in lung elasticity and transpulmonary pressure.
Research Methodology
- The study was conducted on six horses diagnosed with heaves.
- Three different study methods were used to evaluate the effects of the BAL procedure on horses. BAL is a method of cleaning or washing the space inside the bronchi and the pulmonary alveoli of the lungs.
- In the first study, a complete BAL procedure was conducted, involving sedation, administration of lidocaine intratracheally, and infusion and withdrawal of two 250-mL saline boluses through an endoscope.
- The second study was similar to the first, but without the introduction of the saline solution.
- In the third study, the endoscope was introduced as in the first and second studies, but without sedation or saline solution introduction.
- To determine the effects of these procedures, respiratory mechanics were evaluated at baseline, then at the 3rd, 6th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hours post-procedure.
Results of the Study
- The first study showed a substantial reduction in pulmonary resistance up to 6 hours post-procedure. This decrease may have resulted from the removal of mucus in the horses’ large airways due to the BAL procedure.
- All three studies showed a significant increase in lung elastance and transpulmonary pressure 12 hours post-procedure. These changes may be due to a circadian effect, meaning the physiological variations that are regulated by an internal biological clock, varying over a 24-hour period.
Conclusion
- The research concluded that when designing study protocols involving horses with heaves, it is essential to consider the temporal effects of the BAL procedure on lung mechanics.
- Future research should look at the immediate effects of BAL procedures on lung function.
Cite This Article
APA
Léguillette R, Lavoie JP.
(2006).
Effects of the bronchoalveolar lavage procedure on lung function in horses with clinical exacerbation of recurrent airway obstruction.
Am J Vet Res, 67(11), 1929-1933.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.67.11.1929 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Départment de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage / methods
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horses
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive / diagnosis
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive / therapy
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive / veterinary
- Respiratory Mechanics / physiology
- Time Factors
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Westermann CM, de Bie AG, Olave C, de Grauw JC, Teske E, Couetil LL. Effect of Lavage Solution Type on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology in Clinically Healthy Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023 Aug 15;13(16).
- Lee GKC, Beeler-Marfisi J, Viel L, Piché É, Kang H, Sears W, Bienzle D. Bronchial brush cytology, endobronchial biopsy, and SALSA immunohistochemistry in severe equine asthma. Vet Pathol 2022 Jan;59(1):100-111.
- Barton AK, Schulze T, Doherr MG, Gehlen H. Influence of bronchoalveolar lavage on thoracic radiography in the horse. J Vet Sci 2018 Jul 31;19(4):563-569.
- Vaught ME, Rozanski EA, deLaforcade AM. Effect of transoral tracheal wash on respiratory mechanics in dogs with respiratory disease. Can J Vet Res 2018 Jan;82(1):75-79.
- Jean D, Picandet V, Céleste C, Macieira S, Cesarini C, Morisset S, Rossier Y, Marcoux M. Palatal sclerotherapy for the treatment of intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate in 51 standardbred racehorses. Can Vet J 2011 Nov;52(11):1203-8.
- Simões J, Tilley P. Decision Making in Severe Equine Asthma-Diagnosis and Monitoring. Animals (Basel) 2023 Dec 16;13(24).
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