Effects of total parenteral nutrition associated with glutamine, enteral fluid therapy with or without glutamine, and fluid therapy on the acid-base and electrolyte balance of horses starved after exploratory laparotomy.
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the total parenteral nutrition associated with glutamine, enteral fluid therapy with or without glutamine, and fluid therapy on the acid-base and electrolyte balance of horses starved after exploratory laparotomy. Sixteen healthy male and female adult horses of mixed breed, aged between 4 and 14 years, and having a mean body weight of 248.40 ± 2.28 kg and a body score index of 3-4 (scale of 1-5) were divided into four groups with four animals per group. After an adaptation period of 30 days, they were randomly divided into four experimental groups: enteral fluid therapy, enteral fluid therapy associated with glutamine, total parenteral nutrition associated with glutamine, and parenteral fluid therapy. The experiment was further divided into two phases: Phase 1 and Phase 2. In Phase 1, an exploratory laparotomy was performed, treatments were administered to the groups and the horses received no food or water other than those given to their respective groups. In Phase 2, the animals were re-fed. Each phase had a total duration of 144 h. Venous blood samples were collected every 24 h throughout the experimental period for blood gas and electrolyte analyses. The following parameters were evaluated: pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, total carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, base shift, anion gap, sodium, potassium, chloride, total calcium and magnesium. Completely randomized designs with a 4 × 7 factorial scheme (groups × harvest time) in Phase 1 and a 4 × 6 factorial scheme (groups × harvest time) in Phase 2 were used with four replications. All values were considered significant when p≤0.05 (95% probability). Blood pH, bicarbonate concentration, and base shift in the PARGL group decreased, indicating metabolic acidosis. Changes in the acid-base and electrolyte balance were more intense in the PARGL group than in the other groups. These results demonstrated the need to monitor blood gas and electrolyte balance in horses with food restriction under nutritional support or prolonged fluid therapy so that such changes are promptly corrected. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da nutrição parenteral total associada à glutamina, fluidoterapia enteral com ou sem glutamina e fluidoterapia no equilíbrio ácido-base e eletrolítico de equinos submetidos à inanição após laparotomia exploratória. Dezesseis cavalos adultos saudáveis, machos e fêmeas, sem raça definida, com idade entre 4 e 14 anos, com peso corporal médio de 248,40 ± 2,28 kg e índice de escore corporal de 3 a 4 (escala de 1 a 5) foram divididos em quatro grupos com quatro animais por grupo. Após um período de adaptação de 30 dias, foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais: fluidoterapia enteral, fluidoterapia enteral associada à glutamina, nutrição parenteral total associada à glutamina e fluidoterapia parenteral. O experimento foi ainda dividido em duas fases: Fase 1 e Fase 2. Na Fase 1, os tratamentos foram administrados aos grupos, a laparotomia exploratória foi realizada e os cavalos não receberam alimentos ou água além daqueles dados aos seus respectivos grupos. Na Fase 2, os animais foram realimentados. Cada fase teve uma duração total de 144 h. Amostras de sangue venoso foram coletadas a cada 24 h durante todo o período experimental para análises gasométricas e eletrolíticas. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: pH, pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono, dióxido de carbono total, bicarbonato, desvio de base, anion gap, sódio, potássio, cloreto, cálcio total e magnésio. Delineamentos inteiramente casualizados com esquema fatorial 4 × 7 (grupos × época de colheita) na Fase 1 e esquema fatorial 4 × 6 (grupos × época de colheita) na Fase 2 foram utilizados com quatro repetições. Todos os valores foram considerados significativos quando p≤0,05 (95% de probabilidade). O pH sanguíneo, a concentração de bicarbonato e o desvio de base no grupo PARGL diminuíram, indicando acidose metabólica. As alterações no equilíbrio ácido-base e eletrolítico foram mais intensas no grupo PARGL do que nos outros grupos. Esses resultados demonstraram a necessidade de monitorar o equilíbrio hemogasométrico e eletrolítico em equinos com restrição alimentar sob suporte nutricional ou fluidoterapia prolongada para que tais alterações sejam prontamente corrigidas.
Copyright Melo et al.
Publication Date: 2022-10-14 PubMed ID: 36284629PubMed Central: PMC9581104DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm003222Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research explores the impact of different nutrition regimens on the electrolyte and acid-base balance of horses after an exploratory laparotomy and enforced fasting. Specific diets tested included parenteral nutrition with glutamine, enteral fluid therapy with or without glutamine, or fluid therapy alone. The study found important variations across the treatments, suggesting a need for careful dietary management of horses in similar medical situations.
Research Methodology
- The study involved sixteen healthy mixed-breed horses, male and female, aged 4 to 14 years with a mean body weight of 248.40 ± 2.28 kg and a body score index of 3-4 on a 1-5 scale.
- The horses were divided into four groups, each receiving one of the four nutritional regimens: enteral fluid therapy, enteral fluid therapy with glutamine, total parenteral nutrition with glutamine, or parenteral fluid therapy.
- Prior to the commencement of the main experiment, the horses underwent a 30-day adaptation period.
- The experiment was divided into 2 phases: Phase 1, where treatments were given post exploratory laparotomy and horses received no other food or water, and Phase 2, where the animals were reintroduced to feeding.
- Each phase lasted 144 hours, during which venous blood samples were collected every 24 hours for blood gas and electrolyte analyses.
- Various blood parameters were evaluated, including: blood pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure, total carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, base shift, anion gap, sodium, potassium, chloride, total calcium, and magnesium.
- Particular interest was given to significant changes in these parameters, marked by p≤0.05 (indicating a 95% probability).
Results of the Study
- The study discovered major changes in the acid-base and electrolyte balance in the group receiving total parenteral nutrition with glutamine, indicated by a decrease in their blood pH, bicarbonate concentration, and base shift. This suggests the occurrence of metabolic acidosis — an excessive acidity of the blood and other body tissues.
- These alterations were more pronounced in this group compared to other groups. This highlights the necessity for close monitoring of such changes.
Implications of the Research
- Considerations about the type of nutritional support or fluid therapy needed for horses after surgery and during a fasting period.
- The need for continuous monitoring of blood gas and electrolyte balance in horses that are food-restricted either due to medical conditions or extended fluid therapy. This will help veterinary practitioners to promptly correct any imbalances which could potentially safeguard against extended ill health or even life-threatening conditions.
Cite This Article
APA
Melo UP, Palhares MS, Ferreira C, Leme FOP, Gheller VA.
(2022).
Effects of total parenteral nutrition associated with glutamine, enteral fluid therapy with or without glutamine, and fluid therapy on the acid-base and electrolyte balance of horses starved after exploratory laparotomy.
Braz J Vet Med, 44, e003222.
https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm003222 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinarian, DSc. Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau (Uninassau). Natal, RN, Brazil.
- Veterinarian, DSc. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Departamento Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Pampulha, MG. Brazil.
- Veterinarian, DSc. Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau (Uninassau). Natal, RN, Brazil.
- Veterinarian, DSc. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Departamento Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias. Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Pampulha, MG. Brazil.
- Veterinarian, DSc. Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau (Uninassau). Natal, RN, Brazil.
Conflict of Interest Statement
Conflict of interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest in the preparation, execution, and dissemination of the results of this study.
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Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Ferreira C, Palhares MS, de Melo UP, Leme FOP, Maranhão RPA, Garcia HC, Gheller VA. Effects of total parenteral nutrition and electrolyte solutions with or without glutamine on the hormonal profiles of horses subjected to exploratory laparotomy. Braz J Vet Med 2026;48:e005725.
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