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Effects of xylazine and adrenaline combinations: Preliminary clinical application for non-surgical protocols of nephrosplenic entrapment in horses.
Abstract: The medical treatment of horses with nephrosplenic entrapment (NSE) of the large colon through administrating phenylephrine and rolling during general anesthesia was effective and less expensive than surgical treatment. However, the selection of drugs for non-surgical treatment of NSE is not a usual method for clinical practice. This study aimed to identify the effects of combined drugs on the cardiac and splenic response in horses and provide information on the NSE of the large colon for clinical application. Methods: Six healthy Thai native crossbred horses were enrolled in this study. Horses received two protocols with a withdrawal period of 14 days: Group 1 received xylazine (0.5 mg/kg IV) and adrenaline (1 mcg/kg IV), and Group 2 received xylazine (0.5 mg/kg IV) and adrenaline (3 mcg/kg IV). Heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), heart dimensions, and the splenic response of six horses were measured before the sedation, 30 and 60 min later, and 65, 70, 75, 80, 90, and 100 min after adrenaline administration. Doppler was used to obtain systolic blood pressure. Results: The HRV low-frequency and high-frequency power ratios decreased after using xylazine. Hypertension was observed after adrenaline administration. In this study, there were only minimal differences in the HR and respiratory rate between groups. However, overall cardiac and splenic parameters were statistically higher in Group 2. Conclusions: This study suggested that xylazine and three micrograms of adrenaline preserved the cardiac autonomic activity balance and were safe to use non-surgical applicability in horses.
Copyright: © Cherdchutham, et al.
Publication Date: 2021-12-28 PubMed ID: 35153411PubMed Central: PMC8829408DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.3188-3193Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research explores how the use of a combined drug treatment involving xylazine and adrenaline on horses with nephrosplenic entrapment of the large colon can be effective and less costly than surgical treatments. The effects of the drugs on the heart and spleen are analyzed to provide information for its clinical application.
Methods
- The study used six healthy Thai native crossbred horses subjected to two different treatment protocols with a break of 14 days in between.
- The first group received 0.5 mg/kg IV of xylazine and 1 mcg/kg IV of adrenaline.
- The second group underwent the same dosage of xylazine but received a higher dose of adrenaline at 3 mcg/kg IV.
- Measurements of the horses’ heart rates, heart rate variability, and heart dimensions, as well as their splenic responses, were taken at various intervals prior to and following the drug administration.
- A Doppler device was used to measure the horses’ systolic blood pressure.
Results
- The study’s results showed that the heart rate variability’s low and high frequency power ratios were affected by the usage of xylazine, showing a decrease. Adrenaline administration led to observed hypertension in subjects.
- There were minimal differences observed in heart rate and respiratory rate between the two groups.
- Overall, the cardiac and splenic parameters showed statistically significant results in Group 2, which was exposed to the higher adrenaline dosage.
Conclusions
- The findings suggest that the combination of xylazine and 3 mcg of adrenaline preserved the balance of cardiac autonomic activity and was safe to use for non-surgical procedures in horses suffering from nephrosplenic entrapment.
- This study’s observations could provide insightful clinical applications for the non-surgical treatment of these conditions in horses, offering a cost-effective alternative to surgery.
Cite This Article
APA
Cherdchutham W, Sukhong P, Sae-Oueng K, Supanwinijkul N, Wiangnak K, Srimuang J, Apichaimongkonkun T, Limratchapong S, Petchdee S.
(2021).
Effects of xylazine and adrenaline combinations: Preliminary clinical application for non-surgical protocols of nephrosplenic entrapment in horses.
Vet World, 14(12), 3188-3193.
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.3188-3193 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand.
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand.
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand.
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand.
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand.
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand.
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 73140, Thailand.
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, 73140, Thailand.
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus 73140, Thailand.
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Ratan Y, Rajput A, Pareek A, Jain V, Pareek A, Gupta MM, Kamal MA. Green Synthetic Strategies and Pharmaceutical Applications of Thiazine and its Derivatives: An Updated Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024;25(9):1142-1166.
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