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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Rec / Efficacy of a non-updated, Matrix-C-based equine influenza s...
The Veterinary record2014; 174(25); 633; doi: 10.1136/vr.101993

Efficacy of a non-updated, Matrix-C-based equine influenza subunit-tetanus vaccine following Florida sublineage clade 2 challenge.

Abstract: Assessing the ability of current equine influenza vaccines to provide cross-protection against emerging strains is important. Horses not vaccinated previously and seronegative for equine influenza based on haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay were assigned at random to vaccinated (n=7) or non-vaccinated (control, n=5) groups. Vaccination was performed twice four weeks apart with a 1 ml influenza subunit (A/eq/Prague/1/56, A/eq/Newmarket/1/93, A/eq/Newmarket/2/93), tetanus toxoid vaccine with Matrix-C adjuvant (EquilisPrequenza Te). All the horses were challenged individually by aerosol with A/eq/Richmond/1/07 three weeks after the second vaccination. Rectal temperature, clinical signs, serology and virus excretion were monitored for 14 days after challenge. There was no pain at the injection site or increases in rectal temperature following vaccination. Increases in rectal temperature and characteristic clinical signs were recorded in the control horses. Clinical signs were minimal in vaccinated horses. Clinical (P=0.0345) and total clinical scores (P=0.0180) were significantly lower in the vaccinated than in the control horses. Vaccination had a significant effect on indicators of viraemia - the extent (P=0.0006) and duration (P=<0.0001) of virus excretion and the total amount of virus excreted (AUC, P=0.0006). Vaccination also had a significant effect (P=0.0017) on whether a horse was positive or negative for virus excretion during the study. Further research is needed to fully understand the specific properties of this vaccine that may contribute to its cross-protective capacity.
British Veterinary Association.
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Publication Date: 2014-05-02 PubMed ID: 24795071PubMed Central: PMC4078751DOI: 10.1136/vr.101993Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article describes a study investigating the effectiveness of a Matrix-C-based equine influenza subunit-tetanus vaccine in providing protection against a newer equine influenza strain. The results demonstrated that the vaccine was effective in significantly reducing clinical signs and viraemia indicators, although further research is suggested to better understand these results.

Study Design and Procedures

  • The research involved horses that hadn’t been previously vaccinated and were seronegative for equine influenza according to haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. These animals were randomly assigned to either the vaccinated group (consisting of seven horses) or the control (non-vaccinated) group (comprising five horses).
  • Vaccination was done twice, four weeks apart, using a 1 ml influenza subunit (A/eq/Prague/1/56, A/eq/Newmarket/1/93, A/eq/Newmarket/2/93), combined with a tetanus toxoid-based vaccine compounded with Matrix-C adjuvant (EquilisPrequenza Te).
  • Three weeks after the second round of vaccinations, all horses were individually exposed to the A/eq/Richmond/1/07 strain of equine influenza through aerosol.
  • Over the next 14 days, various parameters such as rectal temperature, clinical signs, serology, and virus excretion were monitored.

Results of the Study

  • All horses showed no pain at the site of injection nor any increase in rectal temperature after vaccination.
  • Increases in rectal temperature and certain clinical signs indicative of influenza were recorded in the control group horses. On the other hand, clinical signs were minimal among the vaccinated horses.
  • Vaccinated horses showed significantly lower clinical (P=0.0345) and total clinical scores (P=0.0180) compared to the control group.
  • Vaccination had a strong effect on viraemia indicators: it significantly reduced the breadth (P=0.0006) and duration (P=<0.0001) of virus excretion, as well as the total amount of virus excreted (AUC, P=0.0006).
  • The vaccine also significantly influenced (P=0.0017) whether a horse was positive or negative for virus excretion over the course of the study.

Conclusions and Future Research

  • The findings demonstrated that the Matrix-C-based equine influenza subunit-tetanus vaccine was effective in reducing the clinical signs and viraemia indicators of equine influenza, suggesting its potential cross-protective capacity against emergent strains.
  • The authors suggest further research to better understand the specific properties of this vaccine that contribute to its cross-protective capacity.

Cite This Article

APA
Pouwels HG, Van de Zande SM, Horspool LJ, Hoeijmakers MJ. (2014). Efficacy of a non-updated, Matrix-C-based equine influenza subunit-tetanus vaccine following Florida sublineage clade 2 challenge. Vet Rec, 174(25), 633. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.101993

Publication

The Veterinary record
ISSN: 2042-7670
NlmUniqueID: 0031164
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 174
Issue: 25
Pages: 633

Researcher Affiliations

Pouwels, H G W
  • Global R&D, MSD Animal Health, Boxmeer, The Netherlands.
Van de Zande, S M A
  • Global R&D, MSD Animal Health, Boxmeer, The Netherlands.
Horspool, L J I
  • Global Companion Animal Business, MSD Animal Health, Intervet International bv, PO Box 31, Boxmeer 5830 AA, The Netherlands.
Hoeijmakers, M J H
  • Global Clinical Research, MSD Animal Health, Boxmeer, The Netherlands.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horses
  • Immunization Schedule
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
  • Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype / immunology
  • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Tetanus Toxoid / immunology
  • Time Factors
  • Vaccination / veterinary
  • Vaccines, Combined / immunology

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Reemers S, Sonnemans D, Horspool L, van Bommel S, Cao Q, van de Zande S. Determining Equine Influenza Virus Vaccine Efficacy-The Specific Contribution of Strain Versus Other Vaccine Attributes.. Vaccines (Basel) 2020 Sep 3;8(3).
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030501pubmed: 32899189google scholar: lookup
  2. Paillot R, Garrett D, Lopez-Alvarez MR, Birand I, Montesso F, Horspool L. The Immunity Gap Challenge: Protection against a Recent Florida Clade 2 Equine Influenza Strain.. Vaccines (Basel) 2018 Jul 2;6(3).
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines6030038pubmed: 30004410google scholar: lookup
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