Efficacy of a recombinant equine influenza vaccine against challenge with an American lineage H3N8 influenza virus responsible for the 2003 outbreak in the United Kingdom.
Abstract: Fifteen influenza-naive Welsh mountain ponies were randomly assigned to three groups of five. A single dose of a recombinant ALVAC vaccine was administered intramuscularly to five of the ponies, two doses, administered five weeks apart, were administered to five, and the other five served as unvaccinated, challenge controls. Two weeks after the completion of the vaccination programme, the ponies were all challenged by exposure to an aerosol of influenza virus A/eq/Newmarket/5/03. Their clinical signs were scored daily for 14 days according to a standardised scoring protocol, and nasal swabs were taken daily for 10 days to monitor the excretion of virus. The challenge produced severe clinical signs of influenza (fever, coughing, nasal discharge and dyspnoea) in all five control ponies, but the vaccinated ponies developed only mild disease, consisting of a serous nasal discharge lasting for only one day. The excretion of virus was almost completely suppressed in the vaccinated ponies, but the control ponies shed the virus for up to seven days after the challenge.
Publication Date: 2005-04-09 PubMed ID: 15816180DOI: 10.1136/vr.156.12.367Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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The research article discusses studying the effectiveness of a new vaccine against a notorious outbreak of equine influenza in the United Kingdom in 2003. A group of ponies were vaccinated and then intentionally exposed to the virus, the purpose being to observe the severity of flu signs and monitor the virus excretion.
Study Design and Procedure
To understand the efficacy of the recombinant ALVAC vaccine against the equine influenza virus, researchers involved fifteen Welsh mountain ponies in their study.
- These ponies, previously unexposed to the influenza, were split randomly into groups of five.
- A single dose of the vaccine was intramuscularly administered to the first group. The second group received two doses given five weeks apart. The last group did not receive a vaccination and served as the controls for challenge.
Exposing the Ponies to Virus
Two weeks post completion of the vaccination schedule, the ponies were intentionally exposed to the influenza virus A/eq/Newmarket/5/03 via aerosol. Over the course of two weeks:
- The ponies’ clinical signs were observed and scored based on a standardized protocol.
- Their nasal swabs were collected for ten days to monitor virus excretion.
Observations and Findings
The exposure led to severe influenza symptoms (including fever, nasal discharge, coughing, and breathing difficulties) in the non-vaccinated control group while the vaccinated ponies only developed mild illnesses. Key observations included:
- The vaccinated ponies mainly experienced a serous nasal discharge that lasted only one day.
- The unvaccinated group, conversely, showcased severe influenza symptoms.
- In the vaccinated ponies, virus excretion was almost completely halted following vaccination.
- The control group, however, continued to shed the virus for approximately seven days post-challenge.
The results indicate a successful response to the vaccine, demonstrating its potential effectiveness against equine influenza, especially the strain that caused the 2003 UK outbreak.
Cite This Article
APA
Edlund Toulemonde C, Daly J, Sindle T, Guigal PM, Audonnet JC, Minke JM.
(2005).
Efficacy of a recombinant equine influenza vaccine against challenge with an American lineage H3N8 influenza virus responsible for the 2003 outbreak in the United Kingdom.
Vet Rec, 156(12), 367-371.
https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.156.12.367 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Merial SAS, 254 rue Marcel Merieux, 69007, Lyon, France.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Body Temperature
- Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Immunization Schedule
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype
- Influenza A virus / immunology
- Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage
- Male
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- United Kingdom
- Vaccines, Synthetic / administration & dosage
Citations
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- Paillot R, El-Hage CM. The Use of a Recombinant Canarypox-Based Equine Influenza Vaccine during the 2007 Australian Outbreak: A Systematic Review and Summary.. Pathogens 2016 Jun 10;5(2).
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