Efficacy of a single intravenous dose of the neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir in the treatment of equine influenza.
Abstract: Equine influenza A virus (EIV) of the H3N8 subtype is an important pathogen causing acute respiratory disease in horses. Peramivir is a selective inhibitor of the influenza virus neuraminidase (NA). The characteristics of peramivir are not only its capacity for parenteral administration, but also its strong affinity for NA and slow off-rate from the NA-peramivir complex, suggesting that it could lead to a prolonged inhibitory effect and thus allow a lower dosing frequency. The aims of this study were to evaluate the inhibitory efficacy of peramivir against the NA activities of EIV in vitro and the treatment efficacy of a single intravenous dose of peramivir in horses experimentally infected with EIV. Peramivir inhibited the activities of NA from the seven contemporary EIV strains in vitro, with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.10 to 0.20 nmol/L. Horses treated with a single IV dose of peramivir (3,000 mg/600 mL/animal, 7.8-9.3mg/kg of bodyweight) showed significantly milder clinical signs (pyrexia, nasal discharge and cough) with a shorter duration than control horses injected with normal saline. Moreover, the mean duration of virus shedding for the horses treated with peramivir was significantly shorter than for the control horses. These findings suggested that a single IV administration of peramivir had good potential for the treatment of equine influenza, and may help to limit the spread of the disease in the horse population.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2012-02-10 PubMed ID: 22326934DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.01.005Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research study focuses on the efficiency of a single intravenous (IV) dose of peramivir, an inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase, in treating equine influenza A virus (EIV) in horses. Results showed that a single application of peramivir significantly reduced both severity and duration of EIV symptoms, in addition to decreasing the amount of virus shedding, presenting it as a potential treatment for equine influenza.
Research Objectives and Key Findings
- The purpose of this study was primarily to gauge the efficacy of peramivir against EIV by observing its capacity to inhibit neuraminidase (NA), an enzyme that facilitates the spread of the virus. Further, the researchers also aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of a single intravenous (IV) dose of peramivir in horses infected with EIV experimentally.
- The researchers discovered that peramivir was successful in obstructing the activities of NA from seven different EIV strains in a lab setting. This was measured through 50% inhibitory concentrations, which ranged between 0.10 to 0.20 nmol/L.
- The horses treated with a one-time IV dose of peramivir experienced considerably milder clinical symptoms of EIV such as fever, nasal discharge, and cough. Additionally, these symptoms lasted for a shorter period compared to the control horses, which were injected with normal saline.
- It was also observed that the duration of virus shedding (the process where the virus is expelled from the body) was much shorter in the group of horses treated with peramivir.
Implications of the Research
- The results of this study suggest that a one-time IV administration of peramivir could potentially be an effective treatment for equine influenza. This is evidenced by its capacity to both alleviate clinical symptoms and reduce the duration of such symptoms as well as virus shedding.
- By reducing the duration of virus shedding, peramivir could be instrumental in controlling the spread of equine influenza among horse populations. This is because when an infected horse sheds the virus, it can be transmitted to other horses, thereby propagating the disease.
Cite This Article
APA
Yamanaka T, Bannai H, Nemoto M, Tsujimura K, Kondo T, Muranaka M, Hobo S, Minamijima YH, Yamada M, Matsumura T.
(2012).
Efficacy of a single intravenous dose of the neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir in the treatment of equine influenza.
Vet J, 193(2), 358-362.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.01.005 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Epizootic Research Centre, Equine Research Institute, The Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan. yamanaka@epizoo.equinst.go.jp
MeSH Terms
- Acids, Carbocyclic
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents / blood
- Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
- Chromatography, Liquid / veterinary
- Cyclopentanes / blood
- Cyclopentanes / therapeutic use
- Guanidines / blood
- Guanidines / therapeutic use
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / drug effects
- Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
- Neuraminidase / antagonists & inhibitors
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / drug therapy
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Caceres CJ, Seibert B, Cargnin Faccin F, Cardenas-Garcia S, Rajao DS, Perez DR. Influenza antivirals and animal models.. FEBS Open Bio 2022 Jun;12(6):1142-1165.
- Singh RK, Dhama K, Karthik K, Khandia R, Munjal A, Khurana SK, Chakraborty S, Malik YS, Virmani N, Singh R, Tripathi BN, Munir M, van der Kolk JH. A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies.. Front Microbiol 2018;9:1941.
- Rash A, Morton R, Woodward A, Maes O, McCauley J, Bryant N, Elton D. Evolution and Divergence of H3N8 Equine Influenza Viruses Circulating in the United Kingdom from 2013 to 2015.. Pathogens 2017 Feb 8;6(1).
- Yamanaka T, Nemoto M, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kondo T, Matsumura T, Gildea S, Cullinane A. Assessment of antigenic difference of equine influenza virus strains by challenge study in horses.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016 Nov;10(6):536-539.
- Yamanaka T, Nemoto M, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kondo T, Matsumura T, Gildea S, Cullinane A. Evaluation of twenty-two rapid antigen detection tests in the diagnosis of Equine Influenza caused by viruses of H3N8 subtype.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016 Mar;10(2):127-33.
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