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Efficacy of buparvaquone as a therapeutic and clearing agent of Babesia equi of European origin in horses.
Abstract: We evaluated the efficacy of buparvaquone in eliminating infection with Babesia equi of European origin in carrier horses and in splenectomized horses with experimentally induced acute infection. When administered at the rate of 5 mg/kg of body weight, IV, 4 times at 48-hour intervals, buparvaquone prompted rapid abatement of parasitemia. However, secondary and tertiary recrudescent parasitemias invariably returned with establishment of the carrier state. Buparvaquone, at the dosage evaluated, had transitory therapeutic efficacy against acute B equi infection in splenectomized horses, but was unable alone to clear carrier infection.
Publication Date: 1992-08-01 PubMed ID: 1510317 The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article discusses the effectiveness of using buparvaquone, a medication, for treating and completely eliminating an illness caused by a parasite called Babesia equi in horses. The research concluded that while the treatment led to a decrease in sickness in the short term, the parasites were not completely eradicated and could reoccur.
Study Objectives and Methodology
- The research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug called buparvaquone in eradicating a parasite infection known as Babesia equi in horses.
- The participants for the study were horses which were carriers of the Babesia equi parasite of European origin. The infection was also experimentally induced in splenectomized horses (horses with their spleen removed).
- The mode of administration of buparvaquone was through intravenous injection, and the dose was set at 5 mg per kilogram of the horse’s body weight.
- The treatment protocol involved administering the drug 4 times at 48-hour intervals, and the subsequent effects on the parasitic infection were observed.
Key Findings
- The treatment led to a significant reduction of parasitemia, which is the presence of parasites in the blood of the horses, indicating that the buparvaquone was effective in reducing the infection in the short term.
- However, the experiment found that secondary and tertiary recrudescent parasitemias (reappearance of parasites after a period of absence or reduction) occurred invariably, suggesting that the treatment was not capable of completely eradicating the infection.
- The persistent recurrence led to the establishment of a carrier state, whereby the animals continue to carry the parasites without showing signs of illness, which can serve as a source of infection to others.
Conclusions and Implications
- The study concluded that buparvaquone had a transitory therapeutic effect on acute Babesia equi infection in splenectomized horses, but it wasn’t capable of eliminating the infection entirely.
- This implies that while buparvaquone can be effective in controlling the acute symptoms of the Babesia equi infection, it may not be the optimal solution for long-term management and complete eradication of the illness, since recurrent infections could persist.
- The results of this research highlight the need for further studies in exploring alternative treatments or a combination of therapies that could potentially clear the carrier infection.
Cite This Article
APA
Zaugg JL, Lane VM.
(1992).
Efficacy of buparvaquone as a therapeutic and clearing agent of Babesia equi of European origin in horses.
Am J Vet Res, 53(8), 1396-1399.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- University of Idaho, Caine Veterinary Teaching and Research Center, Caldwell 83605.
MeSH Terms
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan / blood
- Antiprotozoal Agents / administration & dosage
- Antiprotozoal Agents / therapeutic use
- Babesia / immunology
- Babesiosis / drug therapy
- Carrier State / drug therapy
- Carrier State / veterinary
- Complement Fixation Tests
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses
- Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
- Male
- Naphthoquinones / administration & dosage
- Naphthoquinones / therapeutic use
- Splenectomy / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Hines SA, Brandvold J, Mealey RH, Call DR, Graça T. Exposure to ambient air causes degradation and decreased in vitro potency of buparvaquone and parvaquone. Vet Parasitol X 2020 May;3:100023.
- Nugraha AB, Tuvshintulga B, Guswanto A, Tayebwa DS, Rizk MA, Gantuya S, El-Saber Batiha G, Beshbishy AM, Sivakumar T, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I. Screening the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box against piroplasm parasites. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019 Aug;10:84-90.
- Rufener R, Dick L, D'Ascoli L, Ritler D, Hizem A, Wells TNC, Hemphill A, Lundström-Stadelmann B. Repurposing of an old drug: In vitro and in vivo efficacies of buparvaquone against Echinococcus multilocularis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2018 Dec;8(3):440-450.
- Checa R, Montoya A, Ortega N, González-Fraga JL, Bartolomé A, Gálvez R, Marino V, Miró G. Efficacy, safety and tolerance of imidocarb dipropionate versus atovaquone or buparvaquone plus azithromycin used to treat sick dogs naturally infected with the Babesia microti-like piroplasm. Parasit Vectors 2017 Mar 13;10(1):145.
- Müller J, Aguado-Martínez A, Manser V, Wong HN, Haynes RK, Hemphill A. Repurposing of antiparasitic drugs: the hydroxy-naphthoquinone buparvaquone inhibits vertical transmission in the pregnant neosporosis mouse model. Vet Res 2016 Feb 17;47:32.
- Ueti MW, Mealey RH, Kappmeyer LS, White SN, Kumpula-McWhirter N, Pelzel AM, Grause JF, Bunn TO, Schwartz A, Traub-Dargatz JL, Hendrickson A, Espy B, Guthrie AJ, Fowler WK, Knowles DP. Re-emergence of the apicomplexan Theileria equi in the United States: elimination of persistent infection and transmission risk. PLoS One 2012;7(9):e44713.
- Salim BO, Hassan SM, Bakheit MA, Alhassan A, Igarashi I, Karanis P, Abdelrahman MB. Diagnosis of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infections in horses in Sudan using ELISA and PCR. Parasitol Res 2008 Oct;103(5):1145-50.
- Nagai A, Yokoyama N, Matsuo T, Bork S, Hirata H, Xuan X, Zhu Y, Claveria FG, Fujisaki K, Igarashi I. Growth-inhibitory effects of artesunate, pyrimethamine, and pamaquine against Babesia equi and Babesia caballi in in vitro cultures. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003 Feb;47(2):800-3.
- Mendoza FJ, Pérez-Écija A, Kappmeyer LS, Suarez CE, Bastos RG. New insights in the diagnosis and treatment of equine piroplasmosis: pitfalls, idiosyncrasies, and myths. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1459989.
- Bastos RG, Hassan A, Onzere CK, Herndon DR, Villarino NF, Laughery JM, Fry LM. Transient efficacy of buparvaquone against the US isolate of Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype in sub-clinically infected cattle. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1421710.
- Onzere CK, Hassan A, Sears K, Kappmeyer LS, Villarino NF, Fry LM, Bastos RG. Transient efficacy of buparvaquone against Theileria haneyi in chronically infected horses. Parasit Vectors 2024 Aug 12;17(1):337.
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