Efficient use of retention time for the analysis of 302 drugs in equine plasma by liquid chromatography-MS/MS with scheduled multiple reaction monitoring and instant library searching for doping control.
Abstract: Multiple drug target analysis (MDTA) used in doping control is more efficient than single drug target analysis (SDTA). The number of drugs with the potential for abuse is so extensive that full coverage is not possible with SDTA. To address this problem, a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for simultaneous analysis of 302 drugs using a scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (s-MRM) algorithm. With a known retention time of an analyte, the s-MRM algorithm monitors each MRM transition only around its expected retention time. Analytes were recovered from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction. Information-dependent acquisition (IDA) functionality was used to combine s-MRM with enhanced product ion (EPI) scans within the same chromatographic analysis. An EPI spectrum library was also generated for rapid identification of analytes. Analysis time for the 302 drugs was 7 min. Scheduled MRM improved the quality of the chromatograms, signal response, reproducibility, and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), resulting in more data points. Reduction in total cycle time from 2.4 s in conventional MRM (c-MRM) to 1 s in s-MRM allowed completion of the EPI scan at the same time. The speed for screening and identification of multiple drugs in equine plasma for doping control analysis was greatly improved by this method.
Publication Date: 2011-08-12 PubMed ID: 21806004DOI: 10.1021/ac2016163Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study presents a method using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for analyzing 302 drugs in equine plasma for doping control. The new method allows for quick and simultaneous analysis, enhancing the speed of screening and identification of multiple drugs.
Research Motivation and Objective
- In equestrian sports, doping control is critically important, and an efficient and comprehensive detection method is needed, considering the vast number of drugs that can be potentially abused.
- The traditional method of single drug target analysis (SDTA) is incapable of achieving full coverage due to this wide range.
- The researchers’ objective was to develop a more efficient method for doping control that can simultaneously analyze multiple drugs in the horses’ plasma.
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method
- The team developed a method using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous analysis of up to 302 drugs.
- The method uses a scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (s-MRM) algorithm that monitors each Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) transition only around its expected retention time. The retention time refers to the period an analyte remains in the chromatographic system.
- This method enables the efficient recovery and analysis of analytes from the plasma through a liquid-liquid extraction method.
Information-Dependent Acquisition Functionality
- The study also used an information-dependent acquisition (IDA) feature which allowed the combination of s-MRM with enhanced product ion (EPI) scans during the same chromatographic analysis
- An EPI spectrum library was created for fast identification of analytes.
Efficiency and Speed
- The complete analysis time for the 302 drugs was found to be only 7 minutes, demonstrating the system’s efficiency.
- The s-MRM method improved the quality of the chromatograms, signal response, reproducibility, and an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), leading to a greater number of data points.
- The reduction in total cycle time allowed the completion of the EPI scan at the same time, speeding up the overall process.
Conclusion
- The new method presented in the research greatly improved the speed for the screening and identification of multiple drugs in equine plasma, providing an efficient tool for doping control in the equine industry.
Cite This Article
APA
Liu Y, Uboh CE, Soma LR, Li X, Guan F, You Y, Chen JW.
(2011).
Efficient use of retention time for the analysis of 302 drugs in equine plasma by liquid chromatography-MS/MS with scheduled multiple reaction monitoring and instant library searching for doping control.
Anal Chem, 83(17), 6834-6841.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac2016163 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center Campus, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Algorithms
- Animals
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
- Doping in Sports / methods
- Horses
- Ions / chemistry
- Pharmaceutical Preparations / blood
- Signal-To-Noise Ratio
- Substance Abuse Detection / methods
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Waller P, Lomnicka I, Lucas C, Johnson S, Dirikolu L. The medication violations in racehorses at Louisiana racetracks from 2016 to 2020. Vet Med Sci 2022 Mar;8(2):553-560.
- Yu Y, Yao C, Guo DA. Insight into chemical basis of traditional Chinese medicine based on the state-of-the-art techniques of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021 Jun;11(6):1469-1492.
- Ma X, Guo X, Song Y, Qiao L, Wang W, Zhao M, Tu P, Jiang Y. An Integrated Strategy for Global Qualitative and Quantitative Profiling of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulas: Baoyuan Decoction as a Case. Sci Rep 2016 Dec 7;6:38379.
- Matraszek-Zuchowska I, Wozniak B, Posyniak A. Comparison of the Multiple Reaction Monitoring and Enhanced Product Ion Scan Modes for Confirmation of Stilbenes in Bovine Urine Samples Using LC-MS/MS QTRAP(®) System. Chromatographia 2016;79:1003-1012.
- Wohlfarth A, Scheidweiler KB, Chen X, Liu HF, Huestis MA. Qualitative confirmation of 9 synthetic cannabinoids and 20 metabolites in human urine using LC-MS/MS and library search. Anal Chem 2013 Apr 2;85(7):3730-8.
- Guale F, Shahreza S, Walterscheid JP, Chen HH, Arndt C, Kelly AT, Mozayani A. Validation of LC-TOF-MS screening for drugs, metabolites, and collateral compounds in forensic toxicology specimens. J Anal Toxicol 2013 Jan-Feb;37(1):17-24.
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