EHV-1 Pathogenesis: Current in vitro Models and Future Perspectives.
Abstract: Primary infection and pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) require an intricate interaction of virus with the mucosal epithelium, mononuclear cells and the vascular endothelium. Studies on EHV-1 have been facilitated by the development of different models that recapitulate the tissue complexity. The available assays can be categorized into (i) models mimicking the epithelium-peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) interaction, which include mucosal (nasal and vaginal) explants and equine respiratory epithelial cells (EREC) cultures; and (ii) PBMC-endothelium mimicking models, including flow chamber and contact assays. These models have proven their worth in attempts to recapitulate the architecture and complexity, produce data relevant to natural host infection, and reduce animal use due to experiments. Although horse models are still needed for certain experiments, e.g., EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy or vaccination studies, available models can be used to obtain highly valuable data on virus-host tissue interactions. Microfluidic based 3D culture system (e.g., horse-on-a-chip) could be a potential upgraded version of these models for future research.
Publication Date: 2019-07-31 PubMed ID: 31417917PubMed Central: PMC6684782DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00251Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article focuses on equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and existing methods to study its pathogenesis. It mentions different in vitro models that can mimic the interaction of the virus with certain tissues and the ways these models help in studying virus-host tissue interactions.
Current In Vitro Models
The research delves into how current in vitro models are helping to understand the pathogenesis of EHV-1:
- The models used can be divided into two major categories. The first one is the model that mimics the interaction between the epithelium and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). These include nasal and vaginal mucosal explants, and equine respiratory epithelial cells (EREC) cultures.
- The second type of in vitro models mimic PBMC-endothelium interaction. Methods for this kind of modelling include flow chamber and contact assays.
Importance of These Models
The abstract reflects on the significance of these models:
- These models can replicate the complex architecture of tissues and produce data that is relevant to natural host infection. This can lead to a better understanding of how EHV-1 behaves and impacts its host.
- Using these models reduces the reliance on animal models, which falls in line with ethical considerations of reducing animal experimentation. However, the research notes that animal models, specifically horse models, are still required for certain types of studies like vaccination research or studying EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy.
Future Perspectives
The paper also suggests future directions in this field:
- Proposes the use of 3D culture systems like the horse-on-a-chip model. This could be an upgraded version of the existing models and provide more accurate and detailed data on EHV-1 pathogenesis.
Cite This Article
APA
Kamel M, Pavulraj S, Osterrieder K, Azab W.
(2019).
EHV-1 Pathogenesis: Current in vitro Models and Future Perspectives.
Front Vet Sci, 6, 251.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00251 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Institut für Virologie, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- Institut für Virologie, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Institut für Virologie, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Institut für Virologie, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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