Electrocardiographic parameters in the clinically healthy Zamorano-leones donkey.
Abstract: Limited information exists regarding electrocardiographic parameters in clinically healthy donkeys. The study was carried out in 75 healthy adult animals (40 females and 35 males) using the Einthoven standard II and base-apex leads. The P wave showed usually a bifid shape deflection. The QRS complex of the donkeys appeared in several forms: QR and R were the most frequent in limb lead II, and QS and QR in the base-apex lead. Most T waves presented a simple negative configuration in lead II and biphasic shape in the base-apex one. Mean heart rate value was 52 beats per minute. The direction of the QRS vector in lead II had a mean value of 91.4 degrees. We observed a lack of detected arrhythmias. Statistically significant differences were observed between sexes for several parameters. The electrocardiogram of Zamorano-leones donkey differs in several duration, amplitude and morphologic parameters from that of several breeds of horses and donkeys. This fact justifies obtaining values for a specific breed against which to compare values for the same breed.
Publication Date: 2009-05-09 PubMed ID: 19433331DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.04.005Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The study explores electrocardiographic parameters in clinically healthy Zamorano-leones donkeys. Data gathered from a group of 75 adult animals was evaluated and compared to other breeds of horses and donkeys.
Objective and Methodology
- The study’s objective was to collect and analyze data on electrocardiographic parameters of Zamorano-leones donkeys.
- Research was conducted on 75 healthy adult animals, including 40 females and 35 males.
- The researchers used the Einthoven standard II and base-apex leads for electrocardiographic data collection.
- No detected arrhythmias were observed in this group during the study.
Key Findings
- The P wave, which corresponds to the depolarization of the atria in response to a sinus node triggering, typically displayed a bifid shape deflection, implying a split in the electrical signal.
- Different patterns were found in the QRS complex of the donkeys. QR and R were the most prevalent in limb lead II, whilst QS and QR forms were most frequent in base-apex lead. The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization and the initiation of a new cardiac cycle.
- The majority of T waves presented a simple negative layout in lead II and biphasic shape in the base-apex. This observes the process of ventricular repolarization.
- The average heart rate was found to be 52 beats per minute.
- On average, the QRS vector in lead II was 91.4 degrees. This measures the overall direction of the electrical activity during ventricular depolarization.
- There were statistically significant differences in multiple parameters when divided by sex.
Understanding the Significance
- The researchers noted that electrocardiogram parameters for Zamorano-leones donkeys differed in terms of duration, amplitude, and morphology compared to other breeds of horses and donkeys.
- The significance of this research lies in its establishment of breed-specific data. As the behavior differs, the findings help provide a more accurate reference for evaluating the health status of this specific breed.
Cite This Article
APA
Escudero A, González JR, Benedito JL, Prieto FR, Ayala I.
(2009).
Electrocardiographic parameters in the clinically healthy Zamorano-leones donkey.
Res Vet Sci, 87(3), 458-461.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.04.005 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Electrocardiography / veterinary
- Equidae / physiology
- Female
- Male
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Triguinho A, Fontes-Sousa AP, Pimenta J, Cotovio M. Electrocardiographic Reference Values in Clinically Healthy Lusitano Horses. Vet Sci 2023 Aug 10;10(8).
- Cruz-Aleixo AS, de Oliveira KC, de Oliveira Ferreira LV, Cedeo Quevedo DA, Cruz RKS, Tsunemi MH, Chiacchio SB, Lourenço MLG. Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Parameters in Pega Breed Donkeys: A Descriptive Study. Animals (Basel) 2023 Feb 27;13(5).
- De Santis M, Seganfreddo S, Greco A, Normando S, Benedetti D, Mutinelli F, Contalbrigo L. Donkey Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability: A Scoping Review. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jan 25;13(3).
- Maas LT, Morgan JM, Case J, Chell DD, McLean AK. Pilot Study: Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Indices in Mules Evaluated by 24-Hour Electrocardiogram. Animals (Basel) 2025 Aug 20;15(16).
- Khamis TA, Shawaf T, El-Deeb W, Almubarak A, Al-Ali MA, Almuaqqil M, AlAiyan A, Homeida AM. Preliminary study on heart response and locomotor parameters in Donkeys (Equus asinus) during exercise using fitness tracker (Equimetre). Sci Rep 2024 Sep 27;14(1):22211.
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