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Home / Equine Research Bank / Parasit Vectors / Endemic, exotic and novel apicomplexan parasites detected du...
Parasites & vectors2018; 11(1); 197; doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2775-y

Endemic, exotic and novel apicomplexan parasites detected during a national study of ticks from companion animals in Australia.

Abstract: Apicomplexan tick-borne pathogens that cause disease in companion animals include species of Babesia Starcovici, 1893, Cytauxzoon Neitz & Thomas, 1948, Hepatozoon Miller, 1908 and Theileria Bettencourt, Franca & Borges, 1907. The only apicomplexan tick-borne disease of companion animals that is known to occur in Australia is babesiosis, caused by Babesia canis vogeli Reichenow, 1937 and Babesia gibsoni Patton, 1910. However, no molecular investigations have widely investigated members of Apicomplexa Levine, 1980 in Australian ticks that parasitise dogs, cats or horses, until this present investigation. Ticks (n = 711) removed from dogs (n = 498), cats (n = 139) and horses (n = 74) throughout Australia were screened for piroplasms and Hepatozoon spp. using conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing. The tick-borne pathogen B. vogeli was identified in two Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille ticks from dogs residing in the Northern Territory and Queensland (QLD). Theileria orientalis Yakimov & Sudachenkov, 1931 genotype Ikeda was detected in three Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann ticks from dogs in New South Wales. Unexpectedly, the exotic tick-borne pathogen Hepatozoon canis James, 1905 was identified in an Ixodes holocyclus Neumann tick from a dog in QLD. Eight novel piroplasm and Hepatozoon species were identified and described in native ticks and named as follows: Babesia lohae n. sp., Babesia mackerrasorum n. sp., Hepatozoon banethi n. sp., Hepatozoon ewingi n. sp., Theileria apogeana n. sp., Theileria palmeri n. sp., Theileria paparinii n. sp. and Theileria worthingtonorum n. sp. Additionally, a novel cf. Sarcocystidae sp. sequence was obtained from Ixodes tasmani Neumann but could not be confidently identified at the genus level. Novel species of parasites in ticks represent an unknown threat to the health of companion animals that are bitten by these native tick species. The vector potential of Australian ticks for the newly discovered apicomplexans needs to be assessed, and further clinical and molecular investigations of these parasites, particularly in blood samples from dogs, cats and horses, is required to determine their potential for pathogenicity.
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Publication Date: 2018-03-20 PubMed ID: 29558984PubMed Central: PMC5859549DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2775-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study is focusing on the detection of endemic, exotic, and novel apicomplexan parasites in ticks collected from pets throughout Australia.

Background of the Research

  • The authors start providing the context of their research on the tick-borne pathogens causing disease in companion animals in Australia. They specifically mention species like Babesia, Cytauxzoon, Hepatozoon, and Theileria.
  • Among these, only Babesia is known to cause the apicomplexan tick-borne disease, babesiosis, in animals in Australia. Nevertheless, there had been no widespread molecular studies conducted to investigate these pathogens in Australian ticks that parasitized dogs, cats, or horses.

Methods and Results of the Research

  • The researchers conducted an extensive survey of ticks (711 in total) pulled from dogs (498), cats (139), and horses (74) all over Australia.
  • They used traditional PCR and Sanger sequencing techniques to screen for piroplasms and Hepatozoon species.
  • The results revealed the presence of B. vogeli pathogen in two Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from dogs in the Northern Territory and Queensland.
  • Theileria orientalis was found in three ticks taken from dogs in New South Wales. Surprisingly, they also identified the exotic pathogen, Hepatozoon canis in an Ixodes holocyclus tick from a Queensland dog.
  • Eight new species of piroplasm and Hepatozoon were identified from native ticks. These new species are Babesia lohae, Babesia mackerrasorum, Hepatozoon banethi, Hepatozoon ewingi, Theileria apogeana, Theileria palmeri, Theileria paparinii, and Theileria worthingtonorum.
  • Another curious sequence was obtained from Ixodes tasmani but could not be confidently classified at the genus level.

Implications of the Research

  • The identification of novel species of parasites in ticks suggests a potential health threat to companion animals bitten by these native tick species.
  • The vector potential of Australian ticks for the newly identified apicomplexans needs further studying.
  • The authors advocate for more clinical and molecular investigations, specifically on blood samples from dogs, cats, and horses, to determine these parasites’ potential for pathogenicity.

Cite This Article

APA
Greay TL, Zahedi A, Krige AS, Owens JM, Rees RL, Ryan UM, Oskam CL, Irwin PJ. (2018). Endemic, exotic and novel apicomplexan parasites detected during a national study of ticks from companion animals in Australia. Parasit Vectors, 11(1), 197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2775-y

Publication

Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
NlmUniqueID: 101462774
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 197
PII: 197

Researcher Affiliations

Greay, Telleasha L
  • Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
  • Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Zahedi, Alireza
  • Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Krige, Anna-Sheree
  • Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Owens, Jadyn M
  • Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Rees, Robert L
  • Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Ryan, Una M
  • Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Oskam, Charlotte L
  • Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Irwin, Peter J
  • Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. p.irwin@murdoch.edu.au.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Apicomplexa / genetics
  • Apicomplexa / isolation & purification
  • Australia / epidemiology
  • Babesia / genetics
  • Babesia / isolation & purification
  • Cat Diseases / epidemiology
  • Cat Diseases / parasitology
  • Cats
  • Coccidia / genetics
  • Coccidia / isolation & purification
  • Disease Vectors
  • Dog Diseases / epidemiology
  • Dog Diseases / parasitology
  • Dogs
  • Eucoccidiida / genetics
  • Eucoccidiida / isolation & purification
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses / parasitology
  • Ixodidae / parasitology
  • Nymph / parasitology
  • Pets / parasitology
  • Piroplasmida / genetics
  • Piroplasmida / isolation & purification
  • Protozoan Infections, Animal / epidemiology
  • Protozoan Infections, Animal / parasitology
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / genetics
  • Theileria / genetics
  • Theileria / isolation & purification
  • Tick-Borne Diseases / epidemiology
  • Tick-Borne Diseases / parasitology
  • Tick-Borne Diseases / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • LP130100050 / Australian Research Council

Conflict of Interest Statement

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: Not applicable. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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