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BioMed research international2016; 2016; 1512690; doi: 10.1155/2016/1512690

Enteric Pathogens and Coinfections in Foals with and without Diarrhea.

Abstract: Diarrhea is a major clinical problem affecting foals up to 3 months of age. The aim of this study was to identify enteric microorganisms involved in monoinfections and coinfections and the associated virulence factors in healthy and diarrheic foals. Diarrheic (D) ( = 56) and nondiarrheic (ND) foals ( = 60) up to three months of age were studied. Fecal samples were analyzed for identification of infectious agents (microbiological culturing, molecular techniques, and microscopic analyses). (30% versus 25%), spp. (25% versus 7%), (25% versus 25%), type A (21% versus 10%), (20% versus 35%), (11% versus 18%), and -positive (5% versus 2%) were the most frequent enteric pathogens detected in D and ND foals, respectively. The frequency of toxin A-positive was significantly increased in the D ( = 0.033) compared with the ND animals. strains harboring virulent plasmids were also identified (VapA 85-kb type I and VapA 87-kb type I) in D and ND foals. Coinfections were observed in 46% of the D and 33% of the ND foals. Our results demonstrate the great diversity of enteric pathogens, virulence factors, and coinfections involved in enteric infections of foals.
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Publication Date: 2016-12-27 PubMed ID: 28116290PubMed Central: PMC5223019DOI: 10.1155/2016/1512690Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the different types of bacteria and organisms that are present in foals (young horses) with and without diarrhea. It aims to understand if there’s a link between these intestinal microorganisms and the occurrence of diarrhea in foals up to 3 months old.

Objective of the Study

  • The study aims to identify a range of enteric microorganisms that cause infections on their own or in conjunction with other organisms in both healthy and diarrheic foals. The study also explores the associated virulence factors — properties that enable the organisms to establish themselves on or within a host of a particular species, survive in that host, and cause damage to the host.

Methodology

  • The study involved 56 diarrheic (D) and 60 non-diarrheic (ND) foals, all of which were aged up to three months.
  • Fecal samples were collected and studied. The samples were used to identify infectious agents through a range of techniques including microbiological culturing, molecular techniques, and microscopic analyses.

Results

  • The most frequent enteric pathogens detected in D and ND foals differed. A significant increase was observed in the frequency of toxin A-positive organisms in D foals compared to ND ones.
  • Other strains of bacteria possessing virulent plasmids were also identified in both D and ND foals.
  • It was noticed that about 46% of D foals and 33% of ND foals had co-infections, indicating the presence of multiple pathogens.

Conclusion

  • The investigation reveals a vast diversity of enteric pathogens, their virulence factors, and coinfections responsible for intestinal infections in foals.
  • Understanding these elements is crucial to developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies to manage diarrhea and other intestinal infections in young horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Olivo G, Lucas TM, Borges AS, Silva RO, Lobato FC, Siqueira AK, da Silva Leite D, Brandão PE, Gregori F, de Oliveira-Filho JP, Takai S, Ribeiro MG. (2016). Enteric Pathogens and Coinfections in Foals with and without Diarrhea. Biomed Res Int, 2016, 1512690. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1512690

Publication

BioMed research international
ISSN: 2314-6141
NlmUniqueID: 101600173
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2016
Pages: 1512690
PII: 1512690

Researcher Affiliations

Olivo, Giovane
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
Lucas, Thays Mizuki
  • Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
Borges, Alexandre Secorun
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
Silva, Rodrigo Otávio Silveira
  • Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria
  • Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Siqueira, Amanda Keller
  • Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Campinas State University (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
da Silva Leite, Domingos
  • Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Campinas State University (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Brandão, Paulo Eduardo
  • Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Gregori, Fábio
  • Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
de Oliveira-Filho, José Paes
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
Takai, Shinji
  • Department of Animal Hygiene, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan.
Ribeiro, Márcio Garcia
  • Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Diarrhea / microbiology
  • Diarrhea / parasitology
  • Diarrhea / veterinary
  • Dysentery / microbiology
  • Dysentery / parasitology
  • Dysentery / virology
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Male

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors disclose that there is no conflict of interests with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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