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Emerging microbes & infections2020; 9(1); 1309-1320; doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1773323

Env diversity-dependent protection of the attenuated equine infectious anaemia virus vaccine.

Abstract: Lentiviruses harbour high genetic variability for efficient evasion from host immunity. An attenuated equine infectious anaemia (EIA) vaccine was developed decades ago in China and presented remarkably robust protection against EIA. The vaccine was recently proven to have high genomic diversity, particular in . However, how and to what extent the high diversity relates to immune protection remains unclear. In this study, we compared immune protections and responses of three groups of horses stimulated by the high-diversity vaccine EIAV_HD, a single molecular clone of the vaccine EIAV_LD with low diversity, as well as a constructed vaccine strain EIAV_MD with moderate diversity. The disparity of virus-host interactions between three diversity-varied groups (5 horses in each group) was evaluated using clinical manifestation, pathological scores, and -specific antibody. We found the highest titres of antibodies (Abs) or neutralizing Abs (nAbs) in the EIAV_HD group, followed by the EIAV_MD group, and the lowest titres in the EIAV_LD group (<0.05). The occurrence of disease/death was different between EIAV_HD group (1/0), EIAV_MD (2/2), and EIAV_LD group (4/2). A similar diversity-related linear relationship was observed in the clinical manifestations and pathological changes. This diversity-dependent disparity in changes between the three groups was more distinct after immunosuppression, suggesting that diversity plays an important role in protection under low host immunocompetence. In summary, inoculation with vaccines with higher genetic diversity could present broader and more efficient protection. Our findings strongly suggest that an abundance of Env antigens are required for efficient protection against lentiviruses.
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Publication Date: 2020-06-12 PubMed ID: 32525460PubMed Central: PMC7473056DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1773323Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study presents the research conducted on the relationship between genetic diversity and immune protection, specifically in the context of the equine infectious anaemia (EIA) vaccine. It was observed that vaccines with higher genetic diversity offered a broader and more effective protection, strengthening the idea that abundant Env antigens are needed for efficient protection against lentiviruses.

Study Design and Methodology

  • The researchers developed a study wherein they compared the immune protections and responses of three groups of horses. Each group was stimulated by a variant of the EIA vaccine – one with high genetic diversity (EIAV_HD), another one from a single molecular clone of the vaccine with low genetic diversity (EIAV_LD), and a third strain constructed with moderate genetic diversity (EIAV_MD).
  • Each group consisted of five horses and evaluations were based on clinical manifestation, pathological scores, and -specific antibody.

Findings and Observations

  • The results indicated that the EIAV_HD group presented the highest concentrations of antibodies or neutralising antibodies, succeeded by the EIAV_MD group, and with the lowest concentrations in the EIAV_LD group. The occurrence of illness or death was also different across groups (1/0 in EIAV_HD group, 2/2 in EIAV_MD, and 4/2 in EIAV_LD).
  • Consistent diversity-related relationships were noticed in the manifestation of clinical symptoms and pathological alterations across the three groups.
  • This diversity-dependent disparity became more pronounced following immunosuppression, indicating that genetic diversity plays a part in protection, particularly when host immunocompetence is low.

Conclusions

  • The research concluded that vaccines with a greater degree of genetic diversity could provide broader and more effective protection against these types of diseases.
  • The findings strongly suggest that an ample amount of Env antigens are necessary for efficient protection against lentiviruses like EIA.

In a broader context, these findings emphasise the relevance of understanding and enhancing genetic diversity in the development and effectiveness of vaccines against not just EIA, but potentially other lentiviruses as well.

Cite This Article

APA
Lin Y, Wang XF, Wang Y, Du C, Ren H, Liu C, Zhu D, Chen J, Na L, Liu D, Yang Z, Wang X. (2020). Env diversity-dependent protection of the attenuated equine infectious anaemia virus vaccine. Emerg Microbes Infect, 9(1), 1309-1320. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1773323

Publication

Emerging microbes & infections
ISSN: 2222-1751
NlmUniqueID: 101594885
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 1309-1320

Researcher Affiliations

Lin, Yuezhi
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
Wang, Xue-Feng
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
  • Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Wang, Yuhong
  • Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
Du, Cheng
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
Ren, Huiling
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
Liu, Cong
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
Zhu, Dantong
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
Chen, Jie
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
Na, Lei
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
Liu, Diqiu
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
Yang, Zhibiao
  • Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Wang, Xiaojun
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / metabolism
  • Antibodies, Viral / metabolism
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
  • Gene Products, env / genetics
  • Gene Products, env / immunology
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Horses
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / physiology
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • Vaccines, Attenuated
  • Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Viral Vaccines / immunology
  • Viral Vaccines / pharmacology
  • Virus Replication / drug effects

Conflict of Interest Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

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