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The Science of the total environment2020; 731; 138497; doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138497

Environmental surveillance and adverse neonatal health outcomes in foals born near unconventional natural gas development activity.

Abstract: Studies of neonatal health risks of unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) have not included comprehensive assessments of environmental chemical exposures. We investigated a clustering of dysphagic cases in neonatal foals born between 2014 and 2016 in an area of active UNGD in Pennsylvania (PA),USA. We evaluated equine biological data and environmental exposures on the affected PA farm and an unaffected New York (NY) farm owned by the same proprietor. Dams either spent their entire gestation on one farm or moved to the other farm in late gestation. Over the 21-month study period, physical examinations and blood/tissue samples were obtained from mares and foals on each farm. Grab samples of water, pasture soil and feed were collected; continuous passive sampling of air and water for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was performed. Dysphagia was evaluated as a binary variable; logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Sixty-five foals were born, 17 (all from PA farm) were dysphagic. Odds of dysphagia increased with the dam residing on the PA farm for each additional month of gestation (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.2, 1.7, p = 6.0E-04). Males were more likely to be born dysphagic (OR = 5.5, 95% CI 1.2, 24.5, p = 0.03) than females. Prior to installation of a water filtration/treatment system, PA water concentrations of 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene (p = 6.0E-03), fluoranthene (p = 0.03), pyrene (p = 0.02) and triphenylene (p = 0.01) exceeded those in NY water. Compared to NY farm water, no concentrations of PAHs were higher in PA following installation of the water filtration/treatment system. We provide evidence of an uncommon adverse health outcome (dysphagia) in foals born near UNGD that was eliminated in subsequent years (2017-2019) following environmental management changes. Notably, this study demonstrates that domestic large animals such as horses can serve as important sentinels for human health risks associated with UNGD activities.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2020-05-05 PubMed ID: 32434096PubMed Central: PMC7430053DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138497Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the adverse health outcomes on newborn foals born near unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) areas in Pennsylvania, USA. The study found that foals developed issues with dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), especially whose mothers resided in the gas development areas for longer periods during pregnancy. After improvements in environmental management, such as the installation of a water filtration system, these health issues were eliminated in subsequent years.

Research Overview

  • The main focus was a cluster of dysphagia cases in neonatal foals born between 2014 and 2016 near an area of active UNGD in Pennsylvania (PA), USA. This condition was evaluated as a binary variable, and logistic regression was used to find risk factors.
  • Environmental chemical exposures on such farms were thoroughly assessed. The researchers collected physical examinations and samples of blood/tissue from the mares and foals on both farms (PA farm with UNGD activities and unaffected New York farm owned by the same person).
  • The researchers also collected samples of water, pasture soil, and feed in addition to continuous passive sampling of air and water for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) – groups of organic compounds with two or more fused aromatic rings in various arrangements.

Key Findings

  • In total, 65 foals were born during the study period. Out of these, 17 foals – all from the PA farm – had dysphagia. The study found that with each additional month the foal’s mother spent on the UNGD farm during gestation, the risk of the foal developing dysphagia increased.
  • Furthermore, male foals were found to be more susceptible to this condition than females.
  • Analysis of water samples from PA farm before the installation of a filtration system showed higher concentrations of specific PAHs, namely 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and triphenylene, in comparison to the NY water.

Implication of Findings and Future Scope

  • Installation of a water filtration/treatment system significantly reduced these critical PAH concentrations in the PA farm water, demonstrating the positive impact of environmental management changes.
  • After the improvements were made, no cases of dysphagia were reported in foals born in subsequent years from 2017 to 2019. This suggests that the health issue was directly related to the environmental factors linked to the UNGD activities.
  • This study highlights the potential of large domestic animals like horses to serve as sentinels (indicators) for human health risks associated with UNGD activities, indicating a new direction for future research.

Cite This Article

APA
Mullen KR, Rivera BN, Tidwell LG, Ivanek R, Anderson KA, Ainsworth DM. (2020). Environmental surveillance and adverse neonatal health outcomes in foals born near unconventional natural gas development activity. Sci Total Environ, 731, 138497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138497

Publication

The Science of the total environment
ISSN: 1879-1026
NlmUniqueID: 0330500
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 731
Pages: 138497
PII: S0048-9697(20)32010-6

Researcher Affiliations

Mullen, Kathleen R
  • Littleton Equine Medical Center, 8025 S. Santa Fe Dr., Littleton, CO 80120, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Tower Rd., College of Veterinary Medicine-Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: krm4@cornell.edu.
Rivera, Brianna N
  • Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Agricultural Life Sciences, Room 1007, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. Electronic address: Brianna.rivera@oregonstate.edu.
Tidwell, Lane G
  • Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Agricultural Life Sciences, Room 1007, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. Electronic address: Lane.tidwell@oregonstate.edu.
Ivanek, Renata
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Tower Rd., College of Veterinary Medicine-Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: ri25@cornell.edu.
Anderson, Kim A
  • Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Agricultural Life Sciences, Room 1007, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. Electronic address: Kim.anderson@oregonstate.edu.
Ainsworth, Dorothy M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Tower Rd., College of Veterinary Medicine-Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: dma2@cornell.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Male
  • Natural Gas
  • New York
  • Outcome Assessment, Health Care
  • Pennsylvania
  • Pregnancy

Grant Funding

  • R21 ES026398 / NIEHS NIH HHS
  • P30 ES006096 / NIEHS NIH HHS
  • P42 ES016465 / NIEHS NIH HHS
  • T32 ES007060 / NIEHS NIH HHS
  • P30 ES000210 / NIEHS NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

Declaration of competing interest Author Kim A. Anderson declares the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: K.A.A. discloses a financial interest in MyExposome, Inc., which is marketing products related to the research being reported. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by OSU in accordance with its policy on research conflicts of interest.

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