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Influenza and other respiratory viruses2015; 10(1); 37-46; doi: 10.1111/irv.12349

Epidemiological and virological findings during multiple outbreaks of equine influenza in South America in 2012.

Abstract: In 2012, equine influenza (EI) virus was confirmed as the cause of outbreaks of respiratory disease in horses throughout South America. In Uruguay and Argentina, hundreds of vaccinated thoroughbred horses in training and racing facilities were clinically affected. Objective: To characterise the EI viruses detected during the outbreak in Uruguay and Argentina. Methods: Virus was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs by a pan-reactive influenza type A real-time RT-PCR. The nucleotide sequence of the HA1 gene was determined and analysed phylogenetically using mega 5 software. Amino acid sequences alignments were constructed and virus was antigenically characterised with specific ferret antisera. Paired serum samples were tested by haemagglutination inhibition and single radial haemolysis. Results: The diagnosis of EIV was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, virus isolation and serological testing. The phylogenetic analysis of HA1 gene sequences of 18 EI viruses indicated that all of them belong to clade 1 of the Florida sublineage of the American lineage and are closely related to viruses isolated in the United States in 2012. The HA1 of viruses identified in horses in racing facilities in Maroñas, Uruguay, and in Palermo, Argentina, displayed 100% amino acid sequence identity and were identical to that of a virus isolated in Dubai in 2012, from vaccinated endurance horses recently imported from Uruguay. Conclusions: The surveillance data reported illustrate the international spread of EI viruses and support the recommendations of the OIE expert surveillance panel to include viruses of the Florida sublineage in vaccines.
© 2015 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2015-09-26 PubMed ID: 26406274PubMed Central: PMC4687505DOI: 10.1111/irv.12349Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates the 2012 outbreak of equine influenza (EI) in South America, affecting vaccinated horses mainly in Uruguay and Argentina. The study aims to characterize the specific EI viruses that caused the outbreaks.

Research Methodology

  • The virus was detected in the infected horses through nasopharyngeal swabs which were processed with a pan-reactive influenza type A real-time RT-PCR.
  • The researchers examined the nucleotide sequence of the HA1 gene. They used mega 5 software for phylogenetic analysis to observe the genetic relationships between different viruses.
  • The Virus antigens were examined with specific ferret antisera for antigenic characterisation.
  • Paired serum samples were tested using haemagglutination inhibition and single radial haemolysis to confirm the presence of equine influenza.

Key Findings

  • The presence of EI viruses was confirmed in affected horses through real-time RT-PCR, virus isolation, and serological testing.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the HA1 gene sequences showed that all 18 EI viruses investigated belonged to clade 1 of the Florida sublineage of the American lineage.
  • The viruses were noted to be closely related to the viruses that were isolated in the United States in 2012.
  • Researchers found 100% identical HA1 genes in EI viruses identified in racing facilities in both Maroñas, Uruguay, and Palermo, Argentina.
  • This virus strain was identical to a strain isolated in Dubai in 2012 from vaccinated endurance horses that had recently been imported from Uruguay.

Conclusions

  • The observed data from this research highlighted the international spread of EI viruses.
  • The study strongly supported the recommendations of the OIE expert surveillance panel to include strains of the Florida sublineage in vaccines to better prevent future outbreaks.

Cite This Article

APA
Perglione CO, Gildea S, Rimondi A, Miño S, Vissani A, Carossino M, Cullinane A, Barrandeguy M. (2015). Epidemiological and virological findings during multiple outbreaks of equine influenza in South America in 2012. Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 10(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12349

Publication

Influenza and other respiratory viruses
ISSN: 1750-2659
NlmUniqueID: 101304007
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 37-46

Researcher Affiliations

Perglione, Cecilia Olguin
  • CICVyA, INTA, Instituto de Virología, Buenos Aires, Hurlingham, Argentina.
Gildea, Sarah
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
Rimondi, Agustina
  • CICVyA, INTA, Instituto de Virología, Buenos Aires, Hurlingham, Argentina.
Miño, Samuel
  • CICVyA, INTA, Instituto de Virología, Buenos Aires, Hurlingham, Argentina.
Vissani, Aldana
  • CICVyA, INTA, Instituto de Virología, Buenos Aires, Hurlingham, Argentina.
Carossino, Mariano
  • Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Cullinane, Ann
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
Barrandeguy, Maria
  • CICVyA, INTA, Instituto de Virología, Buenos Aires, Hurlingham, Argentina.
  • Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Argentina / epidemiology
  • Disease Outbreaks
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / classification
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
  • Nasopharynx / virology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • Phylogeny
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Sequence Analysis, RNA
  • Uruguay / epidemiology

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This article has been cited 17 times.
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