Epidemiological characterization of Leptospira spp. infection in working horses and in an occupationally exposed population in six Colombian police stations.
Abstract: Introduction: Police working horses are in close contact with their managers and the general population during recreational and patrol activities, which can favor the transmission of leptospirosis among the horses and the occupationally exposed personnel. Objective. To characterize epidemiologically leptospirosis through serology, urine culture and PCR in working horses and in the occupationally exposed population in six police stations in Colombia. Materials and methods. We tested 153 castrated male horses and 123 people in six police stations in the municipalities of Manizales, Pereira, Armenia, Ibagué, Tuluá, and Cali. Three structured formats were applied and blood samples were obtained from people and horses, which were processed with the Macroscopic Agglutination Test, (MAT) for 24 serogroups. Horses were subject to a clinical examination, and urine samples were obtained for urine culture and conventional PCR. Results. The seroprevalence of human Leptospira spp. was 3.25% (n=4) while in horses it was 85% (n=130). Among the horses, serogroups Djasiman and Shermani were the most prevalent. The urine culture was positive in 64.7% (99/153) of the samples, whereas PCR analyzes were negative. A statistically significant association was found between the frequency of exiting the facilities (p=0.009) and the presence of wildlife (p=0.0051) with the infection by serogroup Shermani. Conclusion. The epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis in horses suggest an endemic presentation of the infection and its role as reservoirs of the bacteria; however, it is necessary to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease with complementary studies. Introducción. Los caballos de trabajo de la Policía Nacional tienen un estrecho contacto con sus manejadores y la población en general durante las actividades recreativas y de patrullaje, lo cual puede favorecer la transmisión de la leptospirosis en los caballos y el personal ocupacionalmente expuesto. Objetivo. Caracterizar epidemiológicamente la leptospirosis mediante pruebas de serología, urocultivo y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR) en caballos de trabajo y personal con riesgo ocupacional pertenecientes a seis unidades de la Policía Nacional de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron 153 caballos machos castrados y 123 personas en las seis unidades en los municipios de Manizales, Pereira, Armenia, Ibagué, Tuluá y Cali. Se utilizaron tres formatos estructurados para recabar información y se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas de las personas y de los caballos, las cuales se procesaron con la prueba de aglutinación microscópica (Macroscopic Agglutination Test, MAT) para 24 serogrupos. Se practicó el examen clínico de los caballos y se obtuvieron muestras de orina para el urocultivo y la PCR convencional. Resultados. La seroprevalencia de Leptospira spp. fue de 3,25 % (n=4) en las personas y de 85 % (n=130) en los caballos. Entre los caballos, los serogrupos Djasiman y Shermani fueron los más prevalentes. El urocultivo fue positivo en el 64,7 % (99/153) de las muestras, en tanto que los análisis de PCR fueron negativos. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa de la frecuencia de salida de las instalaciones (p=0,009) y la presencia de fauna silvestre (p=0,051) con la infección por el serogrupo Shermani. Conclusión. Las características epidemiológicas de la leptospirosis en los caballos sugieren una presentación endémica de la infección y su papel como reservorios de la bacteria; sin embargo, debe dilucidarse la patogenia de la enfermedad con estudios complementarios.
Publication Date: 2019-05-01 PubMed ID: 31529846DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v39i1.4475Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Clinical Examination
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Transmission
- Epidemiology
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Infectious Disease
- Leptospira
- Microscopic Agglutination Test
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Public Health
- Serology
- Seroprevalence
- Urine Analysis
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Science
- Working Horses
- Zoonotic Diseases
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research investigated the rate and characteristics of leptospirosis, a bacterial disease, in working police horses and people who are in close contact with them in six police stations in Colombia.
Objective and Methodology
- The main objective of this study was to understand the epidemiological pattern of leptospirosis in working horses and in the population that is exposed to these horses at work in six Colombian police stations.
- The researchers conducted serology tests, urine culture, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests on 153 castrated male horses and 123 people at these police stations located in Manizales, Pereira, Armenia, Ibagué, Tuluá, and Cali.
- Structured formats were applied to collect data and blood samples drawn from both the horses and individuals. These samples were later treated with the Macroscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) for 24 serogroups of the bacteria.
- The horses underwent a clinical examination, urine samples were collected for urine culture and conventional PCR tests.
Results and Findings
- A seroprevalence of human Leptospira spp., bacteria causing leptospirosis, was found to be at 3.25% (4 out of 123), while in horses it was significantly higher at 85% (130 out of 153).
- The most prevalent serogroups in horses were Djasiman and Shermani.
- The urine culture results were positive in 64.7% (99 out of 153) of the samples from the horses.
- PCR tests were negative, indicating no Leptospira spp. DNA was detected in the samples.
- A statistically significant relationship was found between the frequency of leaving the police facilities and the presence of wildlife with the infection by serogroup Shermani. This suggests that horses that spent more time outside or in contact with wildlife were more likely to be infected.
Conclusion
- The research concluded that leptospirosis shows an endemic pattern in working horses, suggesting that these horses could serve as reservoirs (carriers) of the bacteria.
- However, the methodology could not verify the pathogenesis (development) of the disease, which indicates a need for further research for a more detailed understanding of the infection’s propagation and severity in both horses and humans.
Cite This Article
APA
Calderón JC, Astudillo M, Romero MH.
(2019).
Epidemiological characterization of Leptospira spp. infection in working horses and in an occupationally exposed population in six Colombian police stations.
Biomedica, 39(s1), 19-34.
https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v39i1.4475 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 26 N° 66-10, Manizales, ColombiaTeléfono: (576) 878 1500. marlyn.romero@ucaldas.edu.co
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 26 N° 66-10, Manizales, ColombiaTeléfono: (576) 878 1500. marlyn.romero@ucaldas.edu.co
MeSH Terms
- Adult
- Agglutination Tests
- Animal Husbandry
- Animals
- Colombia / epidemiology
- Disease Notification
- Dogs
- Female
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Humans
- Leptospira / classification
- Leptospira / isolation & purification
- Leptospirosis / epidemiology
- Leptospirosis / microbiology
- Leptospirosis / veterinary
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Occupational Diseases / epidemiology
- Occupational Diseases / microbiology
- Police
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- Serogroup
- Swimming
- Symptom Assessment / veterinary
- Urine / microbiology
- Young Adult
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Imandar M, Javadi A, Abdollahpour G, Mahale PRS, Qanbari A, Mirzaalimohammadi M, Taherkhani E, Olfatifar M, Nikkhahi F, Eslahi AV, Badri M. Detection of Antibodies Against Leptospira interrogans Serovars Among Stabled Horses in Qazvin Province of Iran as a One-Health Concern. Vet Med Sci 2025 Sep;11(5):e70520.
- Antoniolli A, Guis H, Picardeau M, Goarant C, Flamand C. One Health Field Approach Applied to Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Across Humans, Animals and the Environment. Open Forum Infect Dis 2025 Jan;12(1):ofae757.
- Parra-Barrera EL, Bello-Piruccini S, Rodríguez K, Duarte-Valderrama C, Torres M, Undurraga EA. Serologically Confirmed Human Leptospirosis in Colombia, 2015-2020. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024 Oct 2;111(4):856-864.
- Wollanke B, Gerhards H, Ackermann K. Infectious Uveitis in Horses and New Insights in Its Leptospiral Biofilm-Related Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2022 Feb 7;10(2).
- Geiger T, Gerhards H, Wollanke B. Detection of Anti-LipL32 Antibodies in Serum Samples from Horses with Chronic Intraocular Infection with Leptospira spp. Pathogens 2021 Oct 14;10(10).
- Wasiński B, Paschalis-Trela K, Trela J, Czopowicz M, Kita J, Żychska M, Cywińska A, Markowska-Daniel I, Carter C, Witkowski L. Serological Survey of Leptospira Infection in Arabian Horses in Poland. Pathogens 2021 Jun 1;10(6).
- Murcia CA, Astudillo M, Romero MH. Prevalence of leptospirosis in vaccinated working dogs and humans with occupational risk. Biomedica 2020 May 1;40(Supl. 1):62-75.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists