Epidemiological survey in Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lake District of eastern Poland reveals new evidence of zoonotic potential of Giardia intestinalis.
Abstract: Faecal samples from 297 farm animals were collected from 18 households in distinct sites of the Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lake District of eastern Poland. They included samples from 86 cattle (Bos taurus), 84 pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica), 81 sheep (Ovis aries), 10 horses (Equus caballus), and 36 dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). The samples were examined for the presence of Giardia intestinalis by the Direct Fluorescence Assay (DFA) and semi-nested PCR. All amplicons were sequenced on both strands. By DFA, cysts of Giardia spp. were detected in 66 of 297 faecal samples (22.2%). Positive specimens for Giardia spp. were derived from 29.8% of examined pigs, 21.0% of sheep, 18.6% of cattle, 10% of horses, and 19.4% of dogs. Based on the detection of the β-giardin gene by PCR, 39 (13.1%) of the 297 examined samples were recognized as positive. Detection of the presence of Giardia cysts by DFA test was overall significantly higher compared to PCR (p=0.0045). By PCR, Giardia was found in 28.1% of sheep, 11.6% of cattle, 10% of horses, 9.5% of pigs and 5.6% of dogs. Partial β-giardin gene sequences were obtained for 73.7% of the PCR positive samples. From sequenced samples derived from the studied animals, Giardia were identified as assemblage A (8 samples), B (1 sample) and E (18 samples). As assemblages A and B may be zoonotic, the farm animals living in eastern Poland could be regarded as a potential source of Giardia infection for humans.
Publication Date: 2015-12-29 PubMed ID: 26706961DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1185759Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Animal Health
- Animal Science
- Animal Studies
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Transmission
- Epidemiology
- Equine Health
- Farm Animals
- Genetics
- Horses
- Infectious Disease
- Parasites
- Public Health
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Veterinary Science
- Zoonotic Diseases
Summary
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The research article discusses a study that involved collecting and testing fecal samples from various farm animals in eastern Poland, which revealed new evidence of zoonotic potential for the parasite, Giardia intestinalis.
Objective of the Study
- The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of the parasite Giardia intestinalis in farm animals in the Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lake District of eastern Poland, and to identify the potential risk of zoonotic transmission from these animals to humans.
Methodology
- A total of 297 faces samples were taken from farm animals including cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, and dogs across 18 households in the region.
- Two methods were used to check the presence of Giardia intestinalis – Direct Fluorescence Assay (DFA) and semi-nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
- All positive amplicons generated from semi-nested PCR were then sequenced on both strands.
Findings
- According to DFA test, 22.2% of the samples (from different species) tested positive for the presence of Giardia cysts.
- The PCR test found 13.1% of the samples, from the same set, were positive.
- Sequence data on partial β-giardin gene were obtained for about three-quarters of the PCR positive samples.
- The Giardia identified in these samples were grouped into assemblages A, B, and E.
Significance of the Study
- The discovery of assemblages A and B in the animal samples is significant as these are known to be potentially zoonotic, i.e., can transmit from animals to humans, highlighting a potential public health risk.
- More comprehensive measures must be considered to prevent Giardia infections in farm animals, and thus reduce the risk of transmission to humans.
Statistical Comparison
- The prevalence of Giardia cysts as detected by the DFA test was statistically higher compared to the PCR test.
Cite This Article
APA
Stojecki K, Sroka J, Cencek T, Dutkiewicz J.
(2015).
Epidemiological survey in Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lake District of eastern Poland reveals new evidence of zoonotic potential of Giardia intestinalis.
Ann Agric Environ Med, 22(4), 594-598.
https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1185759 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Parasitology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
- 1. Department of Parasitology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland 2. Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Parasitology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.
- Department of Health Biohazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cytoskeletal Proteins / genetics
- Dogs
- Feces / parasitology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct / veterinary
- Giardia lamblia / isolation & purification
- Giardiasis / epidemiology
- Giardiasis / parasitology
- Giardiasis / veterinary
- Livestock
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Poland / epidemiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Prevalence
- Protozoan Proteins / genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Lee H, Kwak D. Molecular detection and assemblage analysis of the intestinal protozoan Giardia duodenalis in wild boars in Korea.. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1139060.
- Asghari A, Ebrahimi M, Shamsi L, Sadrebazzaz A, Shams M. Global molecular prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in pigs (Sus domesticus): A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Heliyon 2023 Feb;9(2):e13243.
- Zhao FR, Zhang N, Miao WY, Wu R, Cui LL, Huang CQ, Zhou DH. Molecular Detection and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Pigs in Fujian Province, Southeastern China.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 14;12(22).
- Zou Y, Yuan XD, Zhang SY, Zhang HY, Chen XQ. Molecular Detection and Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Farmed Pigs in Three Provinces of Southern China.. Pathogens 2021 Nov 14;10(11).
- Jing B, Zhang Y, Xu C, Li D, Xing J, Tao D, Zhang L, Qi M, Wang H. Detection and genetic characterization of Giardia duodenalis in pigs from large-scale farms in Xinjiang, China.. Parasite 2019;26:53.
- Liu H, Xu N, Yin J, Yuan Z, Shen Y, Cao J. Prevalence and multilocus genotyping of potentially zoonotic Giardia duodenalis in pigs in Shanghai, China.. Parasitology 2019 Aug;146(9):1199-1205.
- Plutzer J, Lassen B, Jokelainen P, Djurković-Djaković O, Kucsera I, Dorbek-Kolin E, Šoba B, Sréter T, Imre K, Omeragić J, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Živičnjak T, Lučinger S, Stefanović LL, Kučinar J, Sroka J, Deksne G, Keidāne D, Kváč M, Hůzová Z, Karanis P. Review of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the eastern part of Europe, 2016.. Euro Surveill 2018 Jan;23(4).
- Wang SS, Yuan YJ, Yin YL, Hu RS, Song JK, Zhao GH. Prevalence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in pigs of Shaanxi Province, northwestern China.. Parasit Vectors 2017 Oct 17;10(1):490.
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