Epidemiology and host spectrum of Borna disease virus infections.
Abstract: Borna disease virus (BDV) has gained lot of interest because of its zoonotic potential, ability to introduce cDNA of its RNA transcripts into host genomes, and ability to cause severe neurobehavioural diseases. Classical Borna disease is a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis in horses and sheep, known in central Europe for centuries. According to current knowledge, BDV or a close relative also infects several other species, including humans at least occasionally, in central Europe and elsewhere, but the existence of potential 'human Borna disease' with its suspected neuropsychiatric symptoms is highly controversial. The recent detection of endogenized BDV-like genes in primate and various other vertebrate genomes confirms that at least ancient bornaviruses did infect our ancestors. The epidemiology of BDV is largely unknown, but accumulating evidence indicates vectors and reservoirs among small wild mammals. The aim of this review is to bring together the current knowledge on epidemiology of BDV infections. Specifically, geographical and host distribution are addressed and assessed in the critical light of the detection methods used. We also review some salient clinical aspects.
Publication Date: 2012-12-05 PubMed ID: 23223618DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.046961-0Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
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- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Review
Summary
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This research article overview primarily explores the epidemiology and the broad range of host species for Borna disease virus (BDV), a potentially zoonotic virus that has been shown to cause neurological disorders in certain hosts. The study further puts under debate the existence of ‘human Borna disease’, and reviews the geographical distribution, host spectrum, detection methods and significant clinical aspects of BDV infections.
Epidemiology of Borna Disease Virus (BDV)
- BDV, traditionally known for causing a progressive neurological disorder in horses and sheep in Europe, has recently attracted notice for its potential to infect a wide range of species, including humans.
- The paper establishes that the virus’s epidemiological details remain largely unknown. There are also shreds of evidence that point towards small wildlife mammals acting as vectors and reservoirs for this virus.
- The authors review the geographical distribution of BDV infections, asserting that besides central Europe, BDV, or a closely related virus, is present elsewhere. However, further details about specific locations were not described.
Host Spectrum of BDV
- The virus has a broad host spectrum, including humans. The research, however, adds that the existence of a so-called ‘human Borna disease’ and its neuropsychiatric symptoms are under debate.
- They uncovered an intriguing aspect of the BDV genetic material; they found BDV-like genes endogenized in primate and various other vertebrate genomes. This discovery suggests that ancient bornaviruses may have infected our ancestors.
Detection Methods and Clinical Aspects
- The researchers assess the current detection methods for BDV. They maintain that understanding these methods is imperative for the proper evaluation of recent conclusions about the geographical and host distribution of the virus.
- Despite the paper’s chiefly epidemiological focus, it also reviews some prominent clinical aspects of BDV infections. However, the abstract does not provide explicit details on these facets.
In the final analysis, this research aids in broadening our understanding of BDV, its broad spectrum of hosts, geographical distribution, and detection methods, thereby providing a more consistent foundation for the probable identification of BDV in humans and other species.
Cite This Article
APA
Kinnunen PM, Palva A, Vaheri A, Vapalahti O.
(2012).
Epidemiology and host spectrum of Borna disease virus infections.
J Gen Virol, 94(Pt 2), 247-262.
https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.046961-0 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Infection Biology Research Program Unit, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Infection Biology Research Program Unit, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Infection Biology Research Program Unit, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Borna Disease / epidemiology
- Borna Disease / virology
- Borna disease virus / isolation & purification
- Borna disease virus / pathogenicity
- Humans
- Topography, Medical
- Zoonoses / epidemiology
- Zoonoses / virology
Citations
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