Epidemiology of equine influenza, risk by age, breed and sex.
Abstract: Three hundred and sixty cases of diagnosed equine influenza reported to the Veterinary
Medical Data Program (VMDP) of the National Cancer Institute, U.S.A., were tested for the
independent effects of age, breed and sex, relative to a reference clinic-hospital population of 84,562
equine patients. Horses of age category 2-6 months showed a significant risk above unity for
infection with equine influenza virus whereas, horses in age category 7-10 yr showed a significant,
low and sparing risk. Horses under two months or over 10 years, as well as those in ages from 6
months to 7 yr had non-significant low risks. The quarter horse breed showed a significant risk
above unity whereas the thoroughbred showed a significant risk below unity. All other breeds of
horses had non-significant low risks. Sex did not contribute significantly to the epidemiology of the
infection since there were no significant risk differences between sexes.
A re-infection rate of 0.05 for cases pooled for age, breed and sex was identified.
Publication Date: 1980-01-01 PubMed ID: 6258851DOI: 10.1016/0147-9571(80)90040-5Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article discusses how age, breed, and sex influence the risk of equine influenza infections in horses, based on 360 reported cases to the Veterinary Medical Data Program in the U.S.A.
Epidemiology of Equine Influenza
- The research utilized data from 360 reported cases of equine influenza. These cases were reported to the Veterinary Medical Data Program of the National Cancer Institute, U.S.A.
- The data was tested for the independent effects of three variables: age, breed, and sex. The reference population consisted of 84,562 equine patients from a clinic-hospital.
Risk Factors: Age, Breed, and Sex
- In terms of age, horses within the age category of 2-6 months showed a significantly higher risk for contracting equine influenza, compared to other age categories.
- Horses aged 7-10 years showed a significantly lower risk. There were non-significant low risks for horses under two months, over 10 years, and those aged from 6 months to 7 years.
- With regards to breed, the quarter horse breed exhibited a significantly higher risk for equine influenza, while the thoroughbred breed showed a lower risk. All other horse breeds demonstrated non-significant low risks.
- The sex of the horse was found not to contribute significantly to the epidemiology of the infection, with no significant differences between male and female horses in terms of infection risk.
Re-Infection Rate
- The study also identified a re-infection rate of 0.05 for cases pooled for age, breed, and sex. This basically equates to a 5% chance of re-infection among the studied population.
Cite This Article
APA
Nyaga PN, Wiggins AD, Priester WA.
(1980).
Epidemiology of equine influenza, risk by age, breed and sex.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 3(1-2), 67-73.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-9571(80)90040-5 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Female
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horses
- Influenza A virus
- Male
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk
- Sex Factors
- Species Specificity
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Olufemi OT, Edeh ER, Isyaku MS, Haliru M, Samaila S, Mshelia PW, Owolodun OA, Newton JR, Daly JM. Seroprevalence of Equine Influenza and Its Associated Risk Factors in Northwest Nigeria. Pathogens 2022 Nov 17;11(11).
- Walter S, Rasche A, Moreira-Soto A, Pfaender S, Bletsa M, Corman VM, Aguilar-Setien A, García-Lacy F, Hans A, Todt D, Schuler G, Shnaiderman-Torban A, Steinman A, Roncoroni C, Veneziano V, Rusenova N, Sandev N, Rusenov A, Zapryanova D, García-Bocanegra I, Jores J, Carluccio A, Veronesi MC, Cavalleri JMV, Drosten C, Lemey P, Steinmann E, Drexler JF. Differential Infection Patterns and Recent Evolutionary Origins of Equine Hepaciviruses in Donkeys. J Virol 2017 Jan 1;91(1).
- Mutinda WU, Nyaga PN, Mbuthia PG, Bebora LC, Muchemi G. Risk factors associated with infectious bursal disease vaccination failures in broiler farms in Kenya. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014 Apr;46(4):603-8.
- Chambers TM. Equine Influenza. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022 Jan 4;12(1).
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