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The veterinary quarterly1996; 18(3); 95-99; doi: 10.1080/01652176.1996.9694625

Equine arteritis virus: a review of clinical features and management aspects.

Abstract: Sero-epidemiological surveys have revealed that equine arteritis virus (EAV) is prevalent in most European countries. The virus causes sporadic cases of respiratory disease and abortion in horses, the incidence of which has increased in recent years. Mares and geldings eliminate virus after acute infection, but 30% to 60% of stallions become persistently infected. In these animals, EAV is maintained within the reproductive tract and is shed continuously in the semen. Persistent infection with EAV in stallions has no negative consequences for fertility but mares inseminated with virus-contaminated semen can have an acute infection. These mares shed large amounts of virus in respiratory secretions and urine, leading to lateral spread of the virus to other susceptible horses. Acute infection at later stages of gestation can lead to abortion. Effective control of the spread of EAV infection depends on the identification of virus-shedding stallions. Persistently infected stallions should not be used for breeding or should be bred only to seropositive mares. Mares bred to shedding stallions should be isolated from other animals for a period of 3 weeks following insemination to prevent the lateral spread of EAV.
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Publication Date: 1996-09-01 PubMed ID: 8903141DOI: 10.1080/01652176.1996.9694625Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study revolves around the wide prevalence of Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) across Europe, causing intermittent occurrences of respiratory diseases and abortions in horses. The research emphasizes the need for the identification and effective management of persistently infected stallions to control the virus’s spread.

Overview of Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV)

  • The research shines a light on EAV, a highly contagious virus that affects both male and female horses, albeit differently. It causes sporadic cases of respiratory disease and abortion in horses, the incidences of which have shown an increase over the years.
  • After acute infection, mares and geldings – female and castrated male horses respectively – can successfully eliminate the virus from their system. But, approximately 30% to 60% of stallions – uncastrated male horses – show a trend of persistent infection.

Impact of EAV on Stallions

  • Stallions, afflicted with this persistent infection, maintain the EAV within their reproductive tract. The virus is then continuously shed in their semen.
  • Despite this, stallions do not show any noticeable decrease in fertility.

Impact of EAV on Mares

  • Mares, on the other hand, when inseminated with virus-contaminated semen, contract acute infections.
  • They then shed considerable amounts of the virus via respiratory secretions and urine, thereby facilitating the lateral spread of EAV to other susceptible horses.
  • The gravity of the situation escalates when mares, while in the later stages of gestation, contract this virus and it leads to abortions.

Controlling the Spread of EAV

  • In order to effective control EAV spread, the identification of virus-shedding stallions proves integral.
  • Persistently infected stallions should either be barred from breeding or only allowed to breed with seropositive mares, mares that have been tested positive for EAV.
  • Lastly, the research also suggests that mares inseminated by shedding stallions should be isolated from other animals for a minimum period of 3 weeks following insemination. This is an attempt to curb the lateral spread of EAV to other horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Glaser AL, de Vries AA, Rottier PJ, Horzinek MC, Colenbrander B. (1996). Equine arteritis virus: a review of clinical features and management aspects. Vet Q, 18(3), 95-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1996.9694625

Publication

The veterinary quarterly
ISSN: 0165-2176
NlmUniqueID: 7909485
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Pages: 95-99

Researcher Affiliations

Glaser, A L
  • Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Institute of Virology, The Netherlands.
de Vries, A A
    Rottier, P J
      Horzinek, M C
        Colenbrander, B

          MeSH Terms

          • Abortion, Veterinary / epidemiology
          • Abortion, Veterinary / etiology
          • Animals
          • Arterivirus Infections / pathology
          • Arterivirus Infections / therapy
          • Arterivirus Infections / veterinary
          • Equartevirus
          • Europe / epidemiology
          • Female
          • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
          • Horse Diseases / pathology
          • Horse Diseases / therapy
          • Horses
          • Male
          • Pregnancy
          • Prevalence
          • Semen / virology

          References

          This article includes 51 references

          Citations

          This article has been cited 13 times.
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