Equine arteritis virus induced cell death is associated with activation of the intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway.
Abstract: Equine arteritis virus (EAV) causes a respiratory and reproductive disease in horses, equine viral arteritis. Though cell death in infection with EAV is considered to occur by apoptosis, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been extensively elucidated. We investigated the expression of mRNA of pro-apoptotic and caspase genes during EAV infection in BHK21 cells, a well-established cell type for EAV replication. Using a SYBR Green real-time PCR, mRNA of p53, Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9 were found up-regulated in a time dependent manner in EAV infected cells. Western blot analysis for caspase 3 and caspase 9 showed expression of cleaved forms of these proteins during EAV infection. In addition, a luminescence-based cell assay for caspase 3/7 activation as a hallmark in apoptosis confirmed apoptotic cell death. The findings demonstrate that cell death in EAV infected BHK21 cells results from apoptosis mediated through the intrinsic signalling pathway.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2012-10-16 PubMed ID: 23079113DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.10.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research paper investigated the cell death mechanisms in equine viral arteritis, a disease in horses caused by the equine arteritis virus (EAV). The study found that this cell death is caused by apoptosis mediated through the intrinsic signalling pathway.
Understanding Equine Viral Arteritis (EAV)
- The Equine arteritis virus (EAV) induces a respiratory and reproductive disease in horses called equine viral arteritis. The underlying molecular mechanisms of the cell death induced by the virus are not fully understood. As such, this study was aimed at elucidating these mechanisms.
Methodology and Experimentation
- The researchers investigated the expression of mRNA of pro-apoptotic and caspase genes during EAV infection in BHK21 cells. These cells are recognized for their ability to replicate EAV and were therefore used in this experiment.
- They utilized a SYBR Green real-time PCR to track the expression of key proteins such as p53, Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9. These were observed to upregulate in a time-dependent manner during the EAV infection.
- Furthermore, western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of cleaved forms of proteins caspase 3 and caspase 9.
- Finally, the team utilized a luminescence-based cell assay for caspase 3/7 activation, which is a known hallmark of apoptosis. This served to confirm the occurrence of apoptotic cell death as suspected.
Results and Conclusion
- The results of these experiments demonstrated that cell death in EAV infected BHK21 cells is triggered by apoptosis. This process is mediated through the intrinsic signaling pathway. The upregulation of key proteins like p53, Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9, as well as the detection of cleaved forms of caspase 3 and caspase 9, support this conclusion.
- This study, therefore, helps shed light on the intricate mechanisms underlying cell death in equine viral arteritis, marking a significant step forward in understanding and potentially controlling the disease.
Cite This Article
APA
Cholleti H, Paidikondala M, Munir M, Hakhverdyan M, Baule C.
(2012).
Equine arteritis virus induced cell death is associated with activation of the intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway.
Virus Res, 171(1), 222-226.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2012.10.004 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- R&D Unit for Virology, Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology of the National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Ulls väg 2B, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Arterivirus Infections / veterinary
- Caspases / genetics
- Caspases / metabolism
- Cell Death
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- Equartevirus / physiology
- Horse Diseases / genetics
- Horse Diseases / metabolism
- Horses
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein / genetics
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Colina SE, Williman MM, Serena MS, Echeverría MG, Metz GE. Role of Unfolded Protein Response in the Apoptosis Induced by Alphaarterivirus: IRE1α as an Essential Pathway for In Vitro Replication. Viruses 2025 Sep 25;17(10).
- Deng Y, Pan J, Yang X, Yang S, Chi H, Yang X, Qu X, Sun S, You L, Hou C. Dual roles of nanocrystalline cellulose extracted from jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) leaves in resisting antibiotics and protecting probiotics. Nanoscale Adv 2023 Nov 21;5(23):6435-6448.
- Zhao D, Yang J, Han K, Liu Q, Wang H, Liu Y, Huang X, Zhang L, Li Y. The unfolded protein response induced by Tembusu virus infection. BMC Vet Res 2019 Jan 22;15(1):34.
- Balasuriya UB, Go YY, MacLachlan NJ. Equine arteritis virus. Vet Microbiol 2013 Nov 29;167(1-2):93-122.
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