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Equine demineralized bone matrix: relationship between particle size and osteoinduction.
Abstract: The osteoinductive capability of four particle sizes of equine demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was evaluated. Matrix particles were implanted in brachiocephalicus muscle pouches in six horses and were harvested 8 weeks later. Matrix particle sizes of 2.0 mm3 to 4.0 mm3 and 5.0 mm3 to 10.0 mm3 were associated with osteoinductive activity and minimal signs of local inflammation. The two smaller particle sizes (0.425 mm3 to 0.850 mm3 and 0.850 mm3 to 2.0 mm3) were minimally osteoinductive and were associated with a greater local inflammatory response. Microscopic events associated with new bone production in the two largest particle sizes included the presence of new osteoprogenitor cells in matrix vascular spaces, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, and the formation of cartilage, osteoid, and new mineralized bone. The two smaller particle sizes were associated with increased fibrous tissue ingrowth and the presence of increased numbers of inflammatory cells. The temporal events of osteoinduction in response to heterotopic implantation of allogeneic DBM were delayed in horses when compared with other species. Although the demineralization technique used was effective in previous investigations on other species, incomplete demineralization occurred in the two smaller particle sizes that was not detected until after DBM implant harvest. The demineralization process may need to be altered for equine bone and precise monitoring for complete demineralization before implantation is required. Equine DBM is osteoinductive in muscle pouch sites in horses but matrix particle size does affect osteoinductive capability.
Publication Date: 1994-09-01 PubMed ID: 7839597DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1994.tb00499.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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This research paper investigates the effect of different particle sizes of equine demineralized bone matrix (DBM) on bone growth and the potential for inflammation in horses. The results suggest that larger particle sizes were more effective at promoting bone growth and caused less inflammation, while smaller particle sizes were less effective and caused more inflammation. The paper also raises concerns about the effectiveness of the demineralization process for equine bones.
Study Design
- Four different particle sizes of equine DBM were evaluated for their osteoinductive (bone growth enhancing) capabilities.
- The DBM particles were implanted in the brachiocephalicus muscle pouches of six horses, and the implant sites were studied 8 weeks later.
Findings
- Larger particle sizes, ranging from 2.0 mm3 to 10.0 mm3, showed osteoinductive activity and minimal indications of local inflammation.
- The smaller particle sizes, from 0.425 mm3 to 2.0 mm3, were less effective in inducing bone growth and were associated with a greater inflammatory response.
- New bone production in the sites implanted with the larger particle sizes was associated with – the presence of new osteoprogenitor cells (cells that can differentiate into other cell types), the presence of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells (cells responsible for bone resorption), and the formation of cartilage, osteoid (a type of protein matrix that forms before the bone), and new mineralized bone.
- The smaller particle sizes showed increased fibrous tissue growth and an increased presence of inflammatory cells.
Implications and Further Research
- The study found that the osteoinductive response to the implanted DBM in horses was delayed compared to other species, suggesting that the processes at play may be different in horses.
- Demineralization, a process used to prepare the bone for implantation, was not completely successful in the smaller particle sizes. This issue was only identified after the DBM implant was harvested, raising questions about the effectiveness of this technique for equine bones.
- The findings suggest that the demineralization process may need to be altered for equine bone, and that thorough monitoring for complete demineralization is required before implantation.
- The paper concludes that while equine DBM can induce bone growth in muscle pouch sites in horses, the size of the matrix particles does influence this capability.
Cite This Article
APA
Vail TB, Trotter GW, Powers BE.
(1994).
Equine demineralized bone matrix: relationship between particle size and osteoinduction.
Vet Surg, 23(5), 386-395.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1994.tb00499.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bone Demineralization Technique / veterinary
- Bone Density
- Bone Transplantation / veterinary
- Calcification, Physiologic
- Calcium / analysis
- Horses / physiology
- Horses / surgery
- Osteogenesis / physiology
- Particle Size
- Rats
- Rats, Nude
- Wound Healing
Grant Funding
- RR05458 / NCRR NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Lee SJ, Kang DY, Cho IW, Shin HS, Shin SI, Fischer KR, Park JC. Histological comparison of different compressive forces on particulate grafts during alveolar ridge preservation: a prospective proof-of-concept study. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2020 Jun;50(3):197-206.
- Cohen DJ, Scott KM, Kulkarni AN, Wayne JS, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Acellular mineralized allogenic block bone graft does not remodel during the 10 weeks following concurrent implant placement in a rabbit femoral model. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020 Jan;31(1):37-48.
- Christou C, Oliver RA, Yu Y, Walsh WR. The Masquelet technique for membrane induction and the healing of ovine critical sized segmental defects. PLoS One 2014;9(12):e114122.
- Bigham-Sadegh A, Karimi I, Alebouye M, Shafie-Sarvestani Z, Oryan A. Evaluation of bone healing in canine tibial defects filled with cortical autograft, commercial-DBM, calf fetal DBM, omentum and omentum-calf fetal DBM. J Vet Sci 2013;14(3):337-43.
- Thitiset T, Damrongsakkul S, Bunaprasert T, Leeanansaksiri W, Honsawek S. Development of collagen/demineralized bone powder scaffolds and periosteum-derived cells for bone tissue engineering application. Int J Mol Sci 2013 Jan 21;14(1):2056-71.
- Bigham AS, Dehghani SN, Shafiei Z, Torabi Nezhad S. Xenogenic demineralized bone matrix and fresh autogenous cortical bone effects on experimental bone healing: radiological, histopathological and biomechanical evaluation. J Orthop Traumatol 2008 Jun;9(2):73-80.
- Windhagen H, Witte F, Thorey F, Hurschler C, Wirth CJ. [Injectable carrier system for growth factor application in minimally invasive stimulation of bone healing]. Orthopade 2004 Dec;33(12):1378-85.
- Yue X, Zhao L, Yang J, Jiao X, Wu F, Zhang Y, Li Y, Qiu J, Ke X, Sun X, Yang X, Gou Z, Zhang L, Yang G. Comparison of osteogenic capability of 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds and granules with different porosities for clinical translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023;11:1260639.
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