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Home / Equine Research Bank / Theriogenology / Equine embryos and embryonic stem cells: defining reliable m...
Theriogenology2010; 74(4); 516-524; doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.020

Equine embryos and embryonic stem cells: defining reliable markers of pluripotency.

Abstract: Cartilage and tendon injuries are a significant source of animal wastage and financial loss within the horse-racing industry. Moreover, both cartilage and tendon have limited intrinsic capacity for self-repair, and the functionally inferior tissue produced within a lesion may reduce performance and increase the risk of reinjury. Stem cells offer tremendous potential for accelerating and improving tissue healing, and adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are already used to treat cartilage and tendon injuries in horses. However, MSCs are scarce in the bone marrow isolates used, have limited potential for proliferation and differentiation in vitro, and do not appear to noticeably improve long-term functional repair. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells could overcome many of the limitations and be used to generate tissues of value for equine regenerative medicine. To date, six lines of putative ESCs have been described in the horse. All expressed stem cell-associated markers and exhibited longevity and pluripotency in vitro, but none have been proven to exhibit pluripotency in vivo. Moreover, it is becoming clear that the markers used to characterize the putative ESCs were inadequate, primarily because studies in domestic species have revealed that they are not specific to ESCs or the pluripotent inner cell mass, but also because the function of most in the maintenance of pluripotency is not known. Future derivation and validation of equine embryonic or other pluripotent stem cells would benefit greatly from a reliable panel of molecular markers specific to pluripotent cells of the developing horse embryo.
Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2010-01-13 PubMed ID: 20071015DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.020Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the potential of using equine embryonic stem cells to improve and speed up tissue healing, specifically cartilage and tendon injuries, in horses – a prevalent and costly issue in the horse-racing industry.

Issue with Current Treatment Methods

  • Presently, adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used to treat cartilage and tendon injuries in horses. However, these stem cells have their limitations as they’re few in number in bone marrow isolates, have restricted potential for proliferation and differentiation in vitro (lab conditions), and aren’t particularly efficacious in significantly improving long-term functional repair.

Potential of Embryonic Stem Cells and iPS Cells

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells could be game-changers. Derived from early-stage embryos or genetically reprogrammed, these stem cells have the potential to produce any cell or tissue the body needs to repair itself, thereby overcoming many of the limitations of MSCs.
  • They could help provide valuable tissues for equine regenerative medicine.

Existing Research on Equine ESCs

  • So far, there have been six lines of presumed ESCs described in horses. All of these have shown stem cell-associated markers, exhibited a long lifespan, and presented pluripotency (ability to form different cell types) in vitro.
  • However, none of these six lines have demonstrated pluripotency in vivo (within a living organism).

Need for Better Markers for Pluripotency

  • The researchers noted issues with the markers used to identify these ESCs. Essentially, the markers used were not accurate as they are not exclusively tied to ESCs or pluripotent inner cell mass.
  • The role these markers play in maintaining pluripotency is also unclear.

Call for Future Research

  • According to the study, future derivation and validation of equine embryonic or other pluripotent stem cells would be greatly aided by obtaining a reliable set of molecular markers. These markers would be specifically tied to pluripotent cells of the developing horse embryo and could accurately demonstrate cell pluripotency both in and outside of the living organism.

Cite This Article

APA
Paris DB, Stout TA. (2010). Equine embryos and embryonic stem cells: defining reliable markers of pluripotency. Theriogenology, 74(4), 516-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.020

Publication

Theriogenology
ISSN: 1879-3231
NlmUniqueID: 0421510
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 74
Issue: 4
Pages: 516-524

Researcher Affiliations

Paris, D B B P
  • Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. D.Paris@uu.nl
Stout, T A E

    MeSH Terms

    • Animals
    • Biomarkers / metabolism
    • Cell Differentiation
    • Embryo, Mammalian / cytology
    • Embryonic Stem Cells / cytology
    • Embryonic Stem Cells / metabolism
    • Horses / embryology
    • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
    • Pluripotent Stem Cells / cytology
    • Pluripotent Stem Cells / metabolism
    • Proteins / metabolism
    • Regenerative Medicine
    • Wounds and Injuries / therapy

    Citations

    This article has been cited 15 times.
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