Equine Getah virus infection: isolation of the virus from racehorses during an enzootic in Japan.
Abstract: A primary enzootic of equine Getah virus infection involving 722 of 1,903 racehorses occurred at a training center in Japan between September and November of 1978. Sixty-two viral agents were isolated from the plasma of 209 sick horses which exhibited pyrexia with rectal temperatures ranging from 38.5--40 degrees C, urticarial rash on various portions of the body, and edema of the hind legs. The viruses were antigenically related to the AMM 2021, Haruna, and Sagiyama strains of Getah virus. Infection and disease were produced experimentally in horses when inoculated by the intramuscular or intranasal routes.
Publication Date: 1980-09-01 PubMed ID: 6254385DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1980.29.984Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research is about an outbreak of Getah virus infection that impacted horse racing in Japan in 1978, where 722 out of 1,903 racehorses were affected. The study examines the symptoms, viral agents, and experimental infection of the disease.
Background and Objective
- The focus of the study is on an extensive outbreak of the Getah virus among racehorses at a training center in Japan that occurred between September and November 1978. The researchers aimed to study and isolate the Getah virus from affected horses to forge a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis and transmission.
OBSERVATIONS
- During this time, the researchers observed that out of 1,903 horses, 722 were affected by the virus, indicating a significant infection rate.
- The typical symptoms observed in the infected horses were raised body temperature (38.5–40 degrees C), development of an urticarial rash on various parts of the body, and edema (swelling) of the hind legs.
- From 209 sick horses, the researchers isolated 62 viral agents, providing a rich sample for further analysis and study.
VIRAL STRAINS AND INFECTION METHODS
- The isolated viruses were found to be related to the AMM 2021, Haruna, and Sagiyama strains of the Getah virus, suggesting a possible link or shared characteristics among these strain types.
- Additionally, the researchers were able to induce Getah virus infection in healthy horses experimentally. It was found that the virus could infect equines when delivered either through an intramuscular injection or via the intranasal route. This finding provided insights into the transmission pathways of the Getah virus.
Significance
- This research contributed significantly towards the understanding of the Getah virus, its symptoms, viral strains, and methods of transmission among equines. With this information, prevention and control methods for this virus could be improved, possibly helping to mitigate future outbreaks in the racehorse population.
Cite This Article
APA
Kamada M, Ando Y, Fukunaga Y, Kumanomido T, Imagawa H, Wada R, Akiyama Y.
(1980).
Equine Getah virus infection: isolation of the virus from racehorses during an enzootic in Japan.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, 29(5), 984-988.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1980.29.984 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Alphavirus / ultrastructure
- Animals
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Japan
- Togaviridae Infections / diagnosis
- Togaviridae Infections / microbiology
- Togaviridae Infections / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 18 times.- Azerigyik FA, Faizah AN, Kobayashi D, Amoa-Bosompem M, Matsumura R, Kai I, Sasaki T, Higa Y, Isawa H, Iwanaga S, Ishino T. Evaluating the mosquito host range of Getah virus and the vector competence of selected medically important mosquitoes in Getah virus transmission.. Parasit Vectors 2023 Mar 15;16(1):99.
- Ochi A, Bannai H, Aonuma H, Kanuka H, Uchida-Fujii E, Kinoshita Y, Ohta M, Kambayashi Y, Tsujimura K, Ueno T, Nemoto M. Surveillance of Getah virus in mosquitoes and racehorses from 2016 to 2019 at a training center in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, a site of several previous Getah virus outbreaks.. Arch Virol 2023 Jan 7;168(2):35.
- Takeishi M, Kuwata R, Ono T, Sasaki A, Ogata M, Iwata E, Taji S, Koike M, Nemoto M, Bannai H, Isawa H, Maeda K, Morikawa S, Kitagawa H, Yoshikawa Y. Seroconversion of anti-Getah virus antibody among Japanese native Noma horses around 2012.. J Vet Med Sci 2022 Nov 18;84(12):1605-1609.
- Li B, Wang H, Liang G. Getah Virus (Alphavirus): An Emerging, Spreading Zoonotic Virus.. Pathogens 2022 Aug 20;11(8).
- Mohamed-Romai-Noor NA, Sam SS, Teoh BT, Hamim ZR, AbuBakar S. Genomic and In Vitro Phenotypic Comparisons of Epidemic and Non-Epidemic Getah Virus Strains.. Viruses 2022 Apr 30;14(5).
- Ren T, Min X, Mo Q, Wang Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Ouyang K, Huang W, Wei Z. Construction and characterization of a full-length infectious clone of Getah virus in vivo.. Virol Sin 2022 Jun;37(3):348-357.
- Wang A, Zhou F, Liu C, Gao D, Qi R, Yin Y, Liu S, Gao Y, Fu L, Xia Y, Xu Y, Wang C, Liu Z. Structure of infective Getah virus at 2.8 Å resolution determined by cryo-electron microscopy.. Cell Discov 2022 Feb 11;8(1):12.
- Fang Y, Zhang W, Xue JB, Zhang Y. Monitoring Mosquito-Borne Arbovirus in Various Insect Regions in China in 2018.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:640993.
- Ren T, Mo Q, Wang Y, Wang H, Nong Z, Wang J, Niu C, Liu C, Chen Y, Ouyang K, Huang W, Wei Z. Emergence and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Getah Virus Isolated in Southern China.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:552517.
- Lu G, Ou J, Ji J, Ren Z, Hu X, Wang C, Li S. Emergence of Getah Virus Infection in Horse With Fever in China, 2018.. Front Microbiol 2019;10:1416.
- Sam SS, Teoh BT, Chee CM, Mohamed-Romai-Noor NA, Abd-Jamil J, Loong SK, Khor CS, Tan KK, AbuBakar S. A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for detection of Getah virus.. Sci Rep 2018 Dec 5;8(1):17632.
- Nemoto M, Bannai H, Ochi A, Niwa H, Murakami S, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kokado H, Kondo T. Complete Genome Sequences of Getah Virus Strains Isolated from Horses in 2016 in Japan.. Genome Announc 2017 Aug 3;5(31).
- Bannai H, Nemoto M, Ochi A, Kikuchi T, Kobayashi M, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kondo T. Epizootiological Investigation of Getah Virus Infection among Racehorses in Japan in 2014.. J Clin Microbiol 2015 Jul;53(7):2286-91.
- Nemoto M, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kobayashi M, Kikuchi T, Yamanaka T, Kondo T. Getah Virus Infection among Racehorses, Japan, 2014.. Emerg Infect Dis 2015 May;21(5):883-5.
- Zhang HL, Zhang YZ, Yang WH, Feng Y, Nasci RS, Yang J, Liu YH, Dong CL, Li S, Zhang BS, Yin ZL, Wang PY, Fu SH, Li MH, Liu F, Zhang J, Sun J, Li CW, Gao XY, Liu H, Wang HY, Petersen LR, Liang GD. Mosquitoes of Western Yunnan Province, China: seasonal abundance, diversity, and arbovirus associations.. PLoS One 2013;8(10):e77017.
- Brown CM, Timoney PJ. Getah virus infection of Indian horses.. Trop Anim Health Prod 1998 Aug;30(4):241-52.
- Linn ML, Mateo L, Gardner J, Suhrbier A. Alphavirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize a cross-reactive epitope from the capsid protein and can eliminate virus from persistently infected macrophages.. J Virol 1998 Jun;72(6):5146-53.
- Takashima I, Hashimoto N, Arikawa J, Matsumoto K. Getah virus in Aedes vexans nipponii and Culex tritaeniorhynchus: vector susceptibility and ability to transmit.. Arch Virol 1983;76(4):299-305.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
