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Home / Equine Research Bank / Antibiotics (Basel) / Equine Gram-Negative Oral Microbiota: An Antimicrobial Resis...
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2023; 12(4); 792; doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12040792

Equine Gram-Negative Oral Microbiota: An Antimicrobial Resistances Watcher?

Abstract: Horses are considered as reservoirs of multidrug resistant bacteria that can be spread through the environment and possibly to humans. The aim of this study was to characterize the oral Gram-negative microbiota of healthy horses and evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in a One Health approach. For this purpose, samples were collected from the gingival margin of healthy horses, free of antimicrobial therapy, cultured in selective mediums, identified, and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Fifty-five Gram-negative isolates were identified, with 89.5% being zoonotic and 62% affecting humans, which were also found commonly in the environment. Forty-eight isolates (96%) were MDR. The phenotypic resistance presented as higher to macrolides (81.8%), β-lactams (55.4%), and quinolones (50%), and lower to sulfonamides (27.3%), tetracyclines, and amphenicols (both with 30.9%). In total, 51.5% of the isolates presented resistance to carbapenems. In addition to being the first report on the commensal oral microbiota of horses and respective susceptibility profile, this study highlights the horse as a valuable sentinel that can control the evolution and transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria between the "One Health triad" since it is in contact with humans, other animals, and the environment, in different geographic locations.
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Publication Date: 2023-04-21 PubMed ID: 37107153PubMed Central: PMC10135200DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040792Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses how horses can potentially harbor antibiotic-resistant bacteria that could be transmitted to humans. The study focuses in particular on the oral bacteria in healthy horses and their resistance to various antibiotics.

Introduction

  • The study aims to understand the oral Gram-negative bacteria present in healthy horses. More specifically, the research intended to evaluate the resistance of these bacteria to different antimicrobial substances.
  • Healthy horses that haven’t been subjected to antibiotics were the focus of the investigation, to prevent the influence of any drug applied to the specimens.

Materials and Methods

  • Oral samples collected from horses were cultured utilizing specific media. The isolated bacteria were then identified and tested for their susceptibility to several antimicrobials.

Results

  • A total of fifty-five Gram-negative bacterial strains were identified in the study.
  • Almost 90% of these bacteria are recognized as zoonotic, which means they can be transmitted between animals and humans. Meanwhile, 62% of the identified strains are common in both the environment and humans.
  • An overwhelming majority of the isolates (96%) were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR), indicating their ability to withstand the effects of various antibiotics.
  • A high proportion of bacteria indicated resistance to drug types such as macrolides, β-lactams, and quinolones, with lower resistance levels observed for sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and amphenicols.
  • About half of the identified bacterial strains revealed resistance to carbapenems, a type of antibiotic that is often used as a last-resort treatment when other antibiotics fail.

Discussion and Conclusion

  • This study is the first of its kind, focusing on the commensal oral bacteria found in horses and their corresponding antibiotic resistance profiles.
  • The findings of the study underscore the essential role of horses as “sentinels,” to monitor and manage the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. As part of the “One Health triad,” horses form an important link in controlling the spread of these bacteria, due to their close contact with humans, other animals, and the environment across various geographical locations.

Cite This Article

APA
Pimenta J, Pinto AR, Saavedra MJ, Cotovio M. (2023). Equine Gram-Negative Oral Microbiota: An Antimicrobial Resistances Watcher? Antibiotics (Basel), 12(4), 792. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12040792

Publication

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2079-6382
NlmUniqueID: 101637404
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 4
PII: 792

Researcher Affiliations

Pimenta, José
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit (A2BUnit), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
  • CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Pinto, Ana Rita
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit (A2BUnit), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
  • CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Saavedra, Maria José
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit (A2BUnit), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
  • CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
  • CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Cotovio, Mário
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit (A2BUnit), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
  • CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

Grant Funding

  • UIDP/CVT/00772/2020 (CECAV), LA/P/0059/2020, UIDB/AGR/04033/2020 (CITAB) and LA/00037/2022 (Inov4Agro) / Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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