Equine herpesvirus-1 genotype did not significantly affect clinical signs and disease outcome in 65 horses diagnosed with equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if the genotype of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) impacted clinical disease and outcome of horses with laboratory confirmed equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). Medical records from 65 horses diagnosed with EHM from 2011 to 2019 were reviewed for signalment, presence and severity of clinical signs (lethargy, fever, ataxia, urinary incontinence) and outcome. Horses were further grouped based on the EHV-1 genotype into neuropathic (D) or non-neuropathic (N) EHV-1 infection. Between the two EHV-1 genotype groups, age and sex distributions were similar, although breed distribution was different (Quarter Horses and Saddlebreds were overrepresented and Warmbloods were underrepresented in the EHV-1 D group compared to the EHV-1 N group; P = 0.009). Lethargy, fever, ataxia and outcome were not significantly different between the two EHV-1 genotype groups (P > 0.05). However, urinary incontinence was significantly more frequently reported in horses infected with the D genotype of EHV-1 (P=0.04). Contrary to previous studies, the present study showed no difference in frequency of genotype (D or N) among 65 horses with EHM and, with the exception of urinary incontinence, no difference in clinical disease or outcome related to the EHV-1 genotype.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2019-11-13 PubMed ID: 31982080DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105407Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research examines the impact of the equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) genotype on the clinical symptoms and disease outcome in horses diagnosed with EHM (equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy). It concludes that there are no significant differences in disease symptoms and outcomes based on EHV-1 genotypes, with the exception of urinary incontinence, which was found to be more common in horses infected with the D genotype of EHV-1.
Purpose of the Study
- The main goal of this research was to evaluate if the genotype of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) had an impact on the manifestation and severity of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM), a neurological disease in horses.
Methodology
- The study involved the review of medical records of 65 horses diagnosed with EHM from 2011 to 2019.
- The researchers examined various clinical signs like lethargy, fever, ataxia, and urinary incontinence, and also analyzed the disease outcome.
- They divided the horses into two primary groups based on their EHV-1 genotype – horses with neuropathic (D) EHV-1 infection and those with a non-neuropathic (N) EHV-1 infection.
Results and Findings
- The study found no significant difference in the age and sex distributions between the two EHV-1 genotype groups, but the breed distribution was found to be different.
- Quarter Horses and Saddlebreds were more commonly found in the D group, while Warmbloods were less represented.
- There was no significant difference in terms of lethargy, fever, ataxia, and disease outcomes between the two EHV-1 genotype groups.
- However, urinary incontinence was more frequently observed in horses who were infected with the D genotype of EHV-1.
Conclusion
- Contrary to previous research, this study did not find any significant difference in clinical symptoms or disease outcomes in horses with EHM, regardless of the EHV-1 genotype (D or N), apart from a higher incidence of urinary incontinence in the D genotype group.
Cite This Article
APA
Pusterla N, Hatch K, Crossley B, Wademan C, Barnum S, Flynn K.
(2019).
Equine herpesvirus-1 genotype did not significantly affect clinical signs and disease outcome in 65 horses diagnosed with equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy.
Vet J, 255, 105407.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105407 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. Electronic address: npusterla@ucdavis.edu.
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Ataxia / veterinary
- Female
- Fever / veterinary
- Genotype
- Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / classification
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / pathogenicity
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Lethargy / veterinary
- Male
- Retrospective Studies
- Urinary Incontinence / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Barbosa JD, Lins AMC, Bomjardim HDA, Silveira NDSES, Barbosa CC, Beuttemmuller EA, Brito MF, Salvarani FM. Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Myeloencephalitis in the Brazilian Amazon.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Dec 23;13(1).
- Thieulent CJ, Sutton G, Toquet MP, Fremaux S, Hue E, Fortier C, Pléau A, Deslis A, Abrioux S, Guitton E, Pronost S, Paillot R. Oral Administration of Valganciclovir Reduces Clinical Signs, Virus Shedding and Cell-Associated Viremia in Ponies Experimentally Infected with the Equid Herpesvirus-1 C(2254) Variant.. Pathogens 2022 May 4;11(5).
- Hu Y, Jia Q, Liu J, Sun W, Bao Z, Che C, Wu G, Fan B, Jarhen, Ran D. Molecular characteristics and pathogenicity of an equid alphaherpesvirus 1 strain isolated in China.. Virus Genes 2022 Aug;58(4):284-293.
- Carvelli A, Nielsen SS, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L. Clinical impact, diagnosis and control of Equine Herpesvirus-1 infection in Europe.. EFSA J 2022 Apr;20(4):e07230.
- Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Roberts HC, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Calvo AV, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Carvelli A, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Baldinelli F, Van der Stede Y. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infection with Equine Herpesvirus-1.. EFSA J 2022 Jan;20(1):e07036.
- Kang HW, Lee EY, Lee KK, Ko MK, Park JY, Kim YH, Lee K, Choi EJ, Kim J, So B, Park CK, Jeoung HY. Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF34, ORF68, and MLST Genes in EHV-1 from South Korea.. Pathogens 2021 Apr 2;10(4).
- Sutton G, Thieulent C, Fortier C, Hue ES, Marcillaud-Pitel C, Pléau A, Deslis A, Guitton E, Paillot R, Pronost S. Identification of a New Equid Herpesvirus 1 DNA Polymerase (ORF30) Genotype with the Isolation of a C(2254)/H(752) Strain in French Horses Showing no Major Impact on the Strain Behaviour.. Viruses 2020 Oct 13;12(10).
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