Equine herpesvirus infections in yearlings in South-East Queensland.
Abstract: Twelve nasal swabs were collected from yearling horses with respiratory distress and tested for equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and equid herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) by real-time PCR targeting the glycoprotein B gene. All samples were negative for EHV-1; however, 3 were positive for EHV-4. When these samples were tested for EHV-2 and EHV-5 by PCR, all samples were negative for EHV-2 and 11 were positive for EHV-5. All three samples that were positive for EHV-4 were also positive for EHV-5. These three samples gave a limited CPE in ED cells reminiscent of EHV-4 CPE. EHV-4 CPE was obvious after 3 days and was characterised by syncytia. None of the samples produced cytopathic effect (CPE) on African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells or hamster kidney (BSR) cells. Four of the samples, which were positive in the EHV-5 PCR, produced CPE on rabbit kidney (RK13) cells and equine dermis (ED) cells. EHV-5 CPE on both cell lines was slow and was apparent after four 7-day passages. On RK13 cells, the CPE was characteristic of equid herpesvirus, with the formation of syncytia. However, in ED cells, the CPE was characterised by ring-shaped syncytia. For the first time, a case of equine respiratory disease involving dual infection with EHV-4 and EHV-5 has been reported in Queensland (Australia). This was shown by simultaneously isolating EHV-4 and EHV-5 from clinical samples. EHV5 was recovered from all samples except one, suggesting that EHV5 was more prevalent in young horses than EHV2.
Publication Date: 2008-08-03 PubMed ID: 18677574DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0158-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research paper examines respiratory distress in yearling horses in South-East Queensland due to separate and simultaneous infections of equid herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) and equid herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5). This was determined through the use of real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing conducted on nasal swabs.
Objective and Methodology
- The researchers wanted to investigate the presence of equine herpesvirus infections in yearling horses exhibiting respiratory distress in Southeast Queensland.
- As such, twelve nasal swabs were collected from these horses and subjected to real-time PCR testing.
- The testing was specifically carried out for four types of equid herpesvirus (EHV): EHV-1, EHV-4, EHV-2, and EHV-5. The target for the test was the glycoprotein B gene.
Results of the Research
- Upon testing, all the samples came out negative for equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV-2). However, three swab samples were positive for equid herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4).
- All but one of the swabs were positive for equid herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5), suggesting this herpesvirus is more commonly found in young horses than EHV-2.
- The three samples that tested positive for EHV-4 also tested positive for EHV-5, indicating a dual infection.
Cytopathic Effects (CPE)
- Notably, the three nasal swabs positive for both EHV-4 and EHV-5 showed particular Cytopathic Effects (CPE) in equine dermis (ED) cells. These effects were reminiscent of the CPE typically observed with an EHV-4 infection.
- The researchers found that with EHV-5, the CPE on both cell lines was slow and occurred after four 7-day passages. The CPE resulting from EHV-5 differed based on the cell line: on rabbit kidney (RK13) cells, it was characteristic of an equid herpesvirus infection with the formation of cellular fusion or syncytia. However, in ED cells, the CPE was characterized by the formation of ring-shaped syncytia.
Significance of Findings
- These findings led to the first reported case of dual equine respiratory disease involving both EHV-4 and EHV-5 in Queensland.
- The recovery of EHV-5 from nearly all samples suggests that this virus is more prevalent in young horses than EHV-2. This observation helps to better understand the distribution and prevalence of herpesvirus infections among horses in South-East Queensland.
Cite This Article
APA
Diallo IS, Hewitson GR, de Jong A, Kelly MA, Wright DJ, Corney BG, Rodwell BJ.
(2008).
Equine herpesvirus infections in yearlings in South-East Queensland.
Arch Virol, 153(9), 1643-1649.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-008-0158-y Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Animal Research Institute, Locked Bag 4, Moorooka, QLD 4105, Australia. Ibrahim.diallo@dpi.qld.gov.au
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cricetinae
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 4, Equid / genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Equid / isolation & purification
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Queensland
- Respiratory Tract Infections / veterinary
- Respiratory Tract Infections / virology
- Varicellovirus / genetics
- Varicellovirus / isolation & purification
- Vero Cells
- Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Badr C, Souiai O, Arbi M, El Behi I, Essaied MS, Khosrof I, Benkahla A, Chabchoub A, Ghram A. Epidemiological and Phylogeographic Study of Equid Herpesviruses in Tunisia.. Pathogens 2022 Sep 5;11(9).
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- Mashin VV, Sergeev AN, Martynova NN, Oganov MD, Sergeev AA, Kataeva VV, Zagidullin NV. Ensuring Viral Safety of Equine Immunoglobulins during Production.. Pharm Chem J 2022;56(2):283-288.
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- Temesgen T, Getachew Y, Negussie H. Molecular Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 1, 2, and 5 in Equids with Signs of Respiratory Disease in Central Ethiopia.. Vet Med (Auckl) 2021;12:337-345.
- El-Hage C, Mekuria Z, Dynon K, Hartley C, McBride K, Gilkerson J. Association of Equine Herpesvirus 5 with Mild Respiratory Disease in a Survey of EHV1, -2, -4 and -5 in 407 Australian Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Nov 30;11(12).
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- Seo MG, Ouh IO, Lee SK, Lee JS, Kwon OD, Kwak D. Molecular Detection and Genetic Characteristics of Equine Herpesvirus in Korea.. Pathogens 2020 Feb 11;9(2).
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- Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Rola J. Prevalence and sequence analysis of equid herpesviruses from the respiratory tract of Polish horses.. Virol J 2018 Jul 11;15(1):106.
- Thorsteinsdóttir L, Torsteinsdóttir S, Svansson V. Establishment and characterization of fetal equine kidney and lung cells with extended lifespan. Susceptibility to equine gammaherpesvirus infection and transfection efficiency.. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016 Sep;52(8):872-7.
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