FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / J Virol / Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Enhances Viral Replication in CD17...
Journal of virology2015; 89(21); 10912-10923; doi: 10.1128/JVI.01589-15

Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Enhances Viral Replication in CD172a+ Monocytic Cells upon Adhesion to Endothelial Cells.

Abstract: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a main cause of respiratory disease, abortion, and encephalomyelopathy in horses. Monocytic cells (CD172a(+)) are the main carrier cells of EHV-1 during primary infection and are proposed to serve as a "Trojan horse" to facilitate the dissemination of EHV-1 to target organs. However, the mechanism by which EHV-1 is transferred from CD172a(+) cells to endothelial cells (EC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate EHV-1 transmission between these two cell types. We hypothesized that EHV-1 employs specific strategies to promote the adhesion of infected CD172a(+) cells to EC to facilitate EHV-1 spread. Here, we demonstrated that EHV-1 infection of CD172a(+) cells resulted in a 3- to 5-fold increase in adhesion to EC. Antibody blocking experiments indicated that α4β1, αLβ2, and αVβ3 integrins mediated adhesion of infected CD172a(+) cells to EC. We showed that integrin-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways were involved in EHV-1-induced CD172a(+) cell adhesion at early times of infection. EHV-1 replication was enhanced in adherent CD172a(+) cells, which correlates with the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In the presence of neutralizing antibodies, approximately 20% of infected CD172a(+) cells transferred cytoplasmic material to uninfected EC and 0.01% of infected CD172a(+) cells transmitted infectious virus to neighboring cells. Our results demonstrated that EHV-1 infection induces adhesion of CD172a(+) cells to EC, which enhances viral replication, but that transfer of viral material from CD172a(+) cells to EC is a very specific and rare event. These findings give new insights into the complex pathogenesis of EHV-1. Objective: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a highly prevalent pathogen worldwide, causing frequent outbreaks of abortion and myeloencephalopathy, even in vaccinated horses. After primary replication in the respiratory tract, EHV-1 disseminates via cell-associated viremia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and subsequently infects the endothelial cells (EC) of the pregnant uterus or central nervous system, leading in some cases to abortion and/or neurological disorders. Recently, we demonstrated that CD172a(+) monocytic carrier cells serve as a "Trojan horse" to facilitate EHV-1 spread from blood to target organs. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying the transmission of EHV-1 from CD172a(+) cells to EC. We demonstrated that EHV-1 infection induces cellular changes in CD172a(+) cells, promoting their adhesion to EC. We found that both cell-to-cell contacts and the secretion of soluble factors by EC activate EHV-1 replication in CD172a(+) cells. This facilitates transfer of cytoplasmic viral material to EC, resulting mainly in a nonproductive infection. Our findings give new insights into how EHV-1 may spread to EC of target organs in vaccinated horses.
Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2015-08-19 PubMed ID: 26292328PubMed Central: PMC4621108DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01589-15Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores how the Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1), a cause of respiratory disease, abortion, and encephalomyelopathy in horses, uses CD172a+ monocytic cells to spread to endothelial cells, thereby propagating the infection.

Study Objective and Hypothesis

  • The main objective of the research was to understand the process by which EHV-1 migrates from CD172a+ cells to endothelial cells (EC).
  • To fulfil this objective, the researchers hypothesized that the virus employs methods to promote the adhesion of the infected CD172a+ cells to the EC in order to disseminate the virus further.

Methodology and Findings

  • The research showed that the infection of CD172a+ cells by EHV-1 resulted in the infected cells adhering to the EC 3 to 5 times more.
  • The study also identified specific antibodies, α4β1, αLβ2, and αVβ3 integrins, that caused adhesion of the infected CD172a+ cells to EC.
  • Through in-depth investigation, it was established that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways were involved in this virus-induced cell adhesion at the early stages of infection.
  • The study discovered that EHV-1 replication was enhanced in CD172a+ cells that adhered to EC, and this corresponded with the production of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).
  • The researchers also found that around 20% of the infected CD172a+ cells shared cytoplasmic material with uninfected EC, and 0.01% infected cells transmitted the virus to neighboring cells.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that EHV-1 infection leads to an increased adhesion of CD172a+ cells to EC, which in turn enhances viral replication.
  • However, the transfer of infected material from CD172a+ cells to EC is a rare and specific event.
  • The findings suggest a complex pathogenesis of EHV-1 and offer new insights into how this virus spreads to EC in vaccinated horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Laval K, Favoreel HW, Poelaert KC, Van Cleemput J, Nauwynck HJ. (2015). Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Enhances Viral Replication in CD172a+ Monocytic Cells upon Adhesion to Endothelial Cells. J Virol, 89(21), 10912-10923. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01589-15

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 1098-5514
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 89
Issue: 21
Pages: 10912-10923

Researcher Affiliations

Laval, Kathlyn
  • Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Favoreel, Herman W
  • Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Poelaert, Katrien C K
  • Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Van Cleemput, Jolien
  • Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Nauwynck, Hans J
  • Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium hans.nauwynck@ugent.be.

MeSH Terms

  • Analysis of Variance
  • Animals
  • Belgium
  • Blotting, Western
  • Cell Adhesion / physiology
  • Endothelial Cells / virology
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Herpesviridae Infections / physiopathology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / physiology
  • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Monocytes / metabolism
  • Monocytes / virology
  • Signal Transduction / physiology
  • Virus Internalization
  • Virus Replication / physiology

References

This article includes 50 references
  1. Allen GP, Kydd JH, Slater JD, Smith KC. Equid herpesvirus-1 and equid herpesvirus-4 infections. 2004 p 829–859 In Coetzer JAW, Tustin RC (ed), Infectious diseases of livestock, 2nd ed Oxford University Press, London, United Kingdom.
  2. Foote CE, Love DN, Gilkerson JR, Whalley JM. Detection of EHV-1 and EHV-4 DNA in unweaned Thoroughbred foals from vaccinated mares on a large stud farm.. Equine Vet J 2004 May;36(4):341-5.
    pubmed: 15163042doi: 10.2746/0425164044890634google scholar: lookup
  3. Allen GP, Bryans JT. Molecular epizootiology, pathogenesis, and prophylaxis of equine herpesvirus-1 infections.. Prog Vet Microbiol Immunol 1986;2:78-144.
    pubmed: 2856183
  4. Patel JR, Heldens J. Equine herpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4)--epidemiology, disease and immunoprophylaxis: a brief review.. Vet J 2005 Jul;170(1):14-23.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.04.018pubmed: 15993786google scholar: lookup
  5. Edington N, Smyth B, Griffiths L. The role of endothelial cell infection in the endometrium, placenta and foetus of equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) abortions.. J Comp Pathol 1991 May;104(4):379-87.
    doi: 10.1016/S0021-9975(08)80148-Xpubmed: 1651960google scholar: lookup
  6. Smith KC, Mumford JA, Lakhani K. A comparison of equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) vascular lesions in the early versus late pregnant equine uterus.. J Comp Pathol 1996 Apr;114(3):231-47.
    doi: 10.1016/S0021-9975(96)80045-4pubmed: 8762581google scholar: lookup
  7. Wilson WD. Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1997 Apr;13(1):53-72.
    pubmed: 9106343doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30255-9google scholar: lookup
  8. van Der Meulen KM, Nauwynck HJ, Bí¶®rt W, Pensaert MB. Replication of equine herpesvirus type 1 in freshly isolated equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and changes in susceptibility following mitogen stimulation.. J Gen Virol 2000 Jan;81(Pt 1):21-5.
    doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-81-1-21pubmed: 10640538google scholar: lookup
  9. Gryspeerdt AC, Vandekerckhove AP, Baghi HB, Van de Walle GR, Nauwynck HJ. Expression of late viral proteins is restricted in nasal mucosal leucocytes but not in epithelial cells during early-stage equine herpes virus-1 infection.. Vet J 2012 Aug;193(2):576-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.01.022pubmed: 22425309google scholar: lookup
  10. Laval K, Favoreel HW, Nauwynck HJ. Equine herpesvirus type 1 replication is delayed in CD172a+ monocytic cells and controlled by histone deacetylases.. J Gen Virol 2015 Jan;96(Pt 1):118-130.
    doi: 10.1099/vir.0.067363-0pubmed: 25239765google scholar: lookup
  11. Mumford JA, Rossdale PD, Jessett DM, Gann SJ, Ousey J, Cook RF. Serological and virological investigations of an equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) abortion storm on a stud farm in 1985.. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1987;35:509-18.
    pubmed: 2824770
  12. O'Neill T, Kydd JH, Allen GP, Wattrang E, Mumford JA, Hannant D. Determination of equid herpesvirus 1-specific, CD8+, cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequencies in ponies.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999 Sep 1;70(1-2):43-54.
    doi: 10.1016/S0165-2427(99)00037-9pubmed: 10507286google scholar: lookup
  13. Kydd JH, Townsend HG, Hannant D. The equine immune response to equine herpesvirus-1: the virus and its vaccines.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006 May 15;111(1-2):15-30.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.005pubmed: 16476492google scholar: lookup
  14. Bentz GL, Jarquin-Pardo M, Chan G, Smith MS, Sinzger C, Yurochko AD. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of endothelial cells promotes naive monocyte extravasation and transfer of productive virus to enhance hematogenous dissemination of HCMV.. J Virol 2006 Dec;80(23):11539-55.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.01016-06pmc: PMC1642592pubmed: 16987970google scholar: lookup
  15. Smith MS, Bivins-Smith ER, Tilley AM, Bentz GL, Chan G, Minard J, Yurochko AD. Roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and NF-kappaB in human cytomegalovirus-mediated monocyte diapedesis and adhesion: strategy for viral persistence.. J Virol 2007 Jul;81(14):7683-94.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.02839-06pmc: PMC1933358pubmed: 17507481google scholar: lookup
  16. Tearle JP, Smith KC, Platt AJ, Hannant D, Davis-Poynter NJ, Mumford JA. In vitro characterisation of high and low virulence isolates of equine herpesvirus-1 and -4.. Res Vet Sci 2003 Aug;75(1):83-6.
    doi: 10.1016/S0034-5288(03)00031-6pubmed: 12801466google scholar: lookup
  17. Chiam R, Smid L, Kydd JH, Smith KC, Platt A, Davis-Poynter NJ. Use of polarised equine endothelial cell cultures and an in vitro thrombosis model for potential characterisation of EHV-1 strain variation.. Vet Microbiol 2006 Mar 31;113(3-4):243-9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.005pubmed: 16338104google scholar: lookup
  18. Smith DJ, Hamblin AS, Edington N. Infection of endothelial cells with equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) occurs where there is activation of putative adhesion molecules: a mechanism for transfer of virus.. Equine Vet J 2001 Mar;33(2):138-42.
    pubmed: 11266062doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2001.tb00591.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  19. Goehring LS, Hussey GS, Ashton LV, Schenkel AR, Lunn DP. Infection of central nervous system endothelial cells by cell-associated EHV-1.. Vet Microbiol 2011 Mar 24;148(2-4):389-95.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.030pubmed: 20884134google scholar: lookup
  20. Garré B, Gryspeerdt A, Croubels S, De Backer P, Nauwynck H. Evaluation of orally administered valacyclovir in experimentally EHV1-infected ponies.. Vet Microbiol 2009 Mar 30;135(3-4):214-21.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.09.062pubmed: 18986780google scholar: lookup
  21. Van der Meulen KM, Vercauteren G, Nauwynck HJ, Pensaert M. A local epidemic of equine herpesvirus 1-induced neurological disorders in Belgium. Vlaams Diergen Tijds 2003 72:186–194.
  22. van der Meulen KM, Nauwynck HJ, Pensaert MB. Absence of viral antigens on the surface of equine herpesvirus-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a strategy to avoid complement-mediated lysis.. J Gen Virol 2003 Jan;84(Pt 1):93-97.
    doi: 10.1099/vir.0.18864-0pubmed: 12533704google scholar: lookup
  23. Setas Pontes M, Devriendt B, Favoreel HW. Pseudorabies virus triggers glycoprotein gE-mediated ERK1/2 activation and ERK1/2-dependent migratory behavior in T cells.. J Virol 2015 Feb;89(4):2149-56.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.02549-14pmc: PMC4338889pubmed: 25473050google scholar: lookup
  24. Elangbam CS, Qualls CW Jr, Dahlgren RR. Cell adhesion molecules--update.. Vet Pathol 1997 Jan;34(1):61-73.
    doi: 10.1177/030098589703400113pubmed: 9150551google scholar: lookup
  25. Mazzone A, Ricevuti G. Leukocyte CD11/CD18 integrins: biological and clinical relevance.. Haematologica 1995 Mar-Apr;80(2):161-75.
    pubmed: 7628754
  26. Weerasinghe D, McHugh KP, Ross FP, Brown EJ, Gisler RH, Imhof BA. A role for the alphavbeta3 integrin in the transmigration of monocytes.. J Cell Biol 1998 Jul 27;142(2):595-607.
    doi: 10.1083/jcb.142.2.595pmc: PMC2133044pubmed: 9679155google scholar: lookup
  27. Chang MY, Huang DY, Ho FM, Huang KC, Lin WW. PKC-dependent human monocyte adhesion requires AMPK and Syk activation.. PLoS One 2012;7(7):e40999.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040999pmc: PMC3405105pubmed: 22848421google scholar: lookup
  28. Naranatt PP, Akula SM, Zien CA, Krishnan HH, Chandran B. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus induces the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-PKC-zeta-MEK-ERK signaling pathway in target cells early during infection: implications for infectivity.. J Virol 2003 Jan;77(2):1524-39.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.77.2.1524-1539.2003pmc: PMC140802pubmed: 12502866google scholar: lookup
  29. Luscinskas FW, Kansas GS, Ding H, Pizcueta P, Schleiffenbaum BE, Tedder TF, Gimbrone MA Jr. Monocyte rolling, arrest and spreading on IL-4-activated vascular endothelium under flow is mediated via sequential action of L-selectin, beta 1-integrins, and beta 2-integrins.. J Cell Biol 1994 Jun;125(6):1417-27.
    doi: 10.1083/jcb.125.6.1417pmc: PMC2290931pubmed: 7515891google scholar: lookup
  30. Huang S, Endo RI, Nemerow GR. Upregulation of integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 on human monocytes and T lymphocytes facilitates adenovirus-mediated gene delivery.. J Virol 1995 Apr;69(4):2257-63.
    pmc: PMC188895pubmed: 7533853doi: 10.1128/jvi.69.4.2257-2263.1995google scholar: lookup
  31. Vestweber D, Blanks JE. Mechanisms that regulate the function of the selectins and their ligands.. Physiol Rev 1999 Jan;79(1):181-213.
    pubmed: 9922371doi: 10.1152/physrev.1999.79.1.181google scholar: lookup
  32. Giuffrè L, Cordey AS, Monai N, Tardy Y, Schapira M, Spertini O. Monocyte adhesion to activated aortic endothelium: role of L-selectin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans.. J Cell Biol 1997 Feb 24;136(4):945-56.
    doi: 10.1083/jcb.136.4.945pmc: PMC2132500pubmed: 9049258google scholar: lookup
  33. Zheng K, Xiang Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Zhong M, Wang S, Wang X, Fan J, Kitazato K, Wang Y. Epidermal growth factor receptor-PI3K signaling controls cofilin activity to facilitate herpes simplex virus 1 entry into neuronal cells.. mBio 2014 Jan 14;5(1):e00958-13.
    doi: 10.1128/mBio.00958-13pmc: PMC3903278pubmed: 24425731google scholar: lookup
  34. Reeves MB, Breidenstein A, Compton T. Human cytomegalovirus activation of ERK and myeloid cell leukemia-1 protein correlates with survival of latently infected cells.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012 Jan 10;109(2):588-93.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.1114966108pmc: PMC3258610pubmed: 22203987google scholar: lookup
  35. Nogalski MT, Chan G, Stevenson EV, Gray S, Yurochko AD. Human cytomegalovirus-regulated paxillin in monocytes links cellular pathogenic motility to the process of viral entry.. J Virol 2011 Feb;85(3):1360-9.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.02090-10pmc: PMC3020497pubmed: 21084488google scholar: lookup
  36. Van de Walle GR, Peters ST, VanderVen BC, O'Callaghan DJ, Osterrieder N. Equine herpesvirus 1 entry via endocytosis is facilitated by alphaV integrins and an RSD motif in glycoprotein D.. J Virol 2008 Dec;82(23):11859-68.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.00868-08pmc: PMC2583640pubmed: 18815313google scholar: lookup
  37. Carlos T, Kovach N, Schwartz B, Rosa M, Newman B, Wayner E, Benjamin C, Osborn L, Lobb R, Harlan J. Human monocytes bind to two cytokine-induced adhesive ligands on cultured human endothelial cells: endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.. Blood 1991 May 15;77(10):2266-71.
    pubmed: 1709380
  38. Smith MS, Bentz GL, Smith PM, Bivins ER, Yurochko AD. HCMV activates PI(3)K in monocytes and promotes monocyte motility and transendothelial migration in a PI(3)K-dependent manner.. J Leukoc Biol 2004 Jul;76(1):65-76.
    doi: 10.1189/jlb.1203621pubmed: 15107461google scholar: lookup
  39. Fan ST, Hsia K, Edgington TS. Upregulation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in chronically infected monocytic cell line by both contact with endothelial cells and cytokines.. Blood 1994 Sep 1;84(5):1567-72.
    pubmed: 7915148
  40. Gilles PN, Lathey JL, Spector SA. Replication of macrophage-tropic and T-cell-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is augmented by macrophage-endothelial cell contact.. J Virol 1995 Apr;69(4):2133-9.
    pmc: PMC188880pubmed: 7884860doi: 10.1128/jvi.69.4.2133-2139.1995google scholar: lookup
  41. Söderberg-Nauclér C, Fish KN, Nelson JA. Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha specifically induce formation of cytomegalovirus-permissive monocyte-derived macrophages that are refractory to the antiviral activity of these cytokines.. J Clin Invest 1997 Dec 15;100(12):3154-63.
    doi: 10.1172/JCI119871pmc: PMC508529pubmed: 9399963google scholar: lookup
  42. Poli G, Kinter A, Justement JS, Kehrl JH, Bressler P, Stanley S, Fauci AS. Tumor necrosis factor alpha functions in an autocrine manner in the induction of human immunodeficiency virus expression.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990 Jan;87(2):782-5.
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.2.782pmc: PMC53350pubmed: 2300561google scholar: lookup
  43. Borghi MO, Panzeri P, Shattock R, Sozzani S, Dobrina A, Meroni PL. Interaction between chronically HIV-infected promonocytic cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells: role of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in viral expression modulation.. Clin Exp Immunol 2000 Apr;120(1):93-100.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01186.xpmc: PMC1905628pubmed: 10759769google scholar: lookup
  44. Digel M, Sampaio KL, Jahn G, Sinzger C. Evidence for direct transfer of cytoplasmic material from infected to uninfected cells during cell-associated spread of human cytomegalovirus.. J Clin Virol 2006 Sep;37(1):10-20.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.05.007pubmed: 16815742google scholar: lookup
  45. Gerna G, Percivalle E, Baldanti F, Sozzani S, Lanzarini P, Genini E, Lilleri D, Revello MG. Human cytomegalovirus replicates abortively in polymorphonuclear leukocytes after transfer from infected endothelial cells via transient microfusion events.. J Virol 2000 Jun;74(12):5629-38.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.74.12.5629-5638.2000pmc: PMC112050pubmed: 10823870google scholar: lookup
  46. Van de Walle GR, Favoreel HW, Nauwynck HJ, Mettenleiter TC, Pensaert MB. Transmission of pseudorabies virus from immune-masked blood monocytes to endothelial cells.. J Gen Virol 2003 Mar;84(Pt 3):629-637.
    doi: 10.1099/vir.0.18796-0pubmed: 12604815google scholar: lookup
  47. Edington N, Bridges CG, Patel JR. Endothelial cell infection and thrombosis in paralysis caused by equid herpesvirus-1: equine stroke.. Arch Virol 1986;90(1-2):111-24.
    doi: 10.1007/BF01314149pubmed: 3015074google scholar: lookup
  48. Patel JR, Edington N, Mumford JA. Variation in cellular tropism between isolates of equine herpesvirus-1 in foals.. Arch Virol 1982;74(1):41-51.
    doi: 10.1007/BF01320781pubmed: 6297429google scholar: lookup
  49. Smith KC, Whitwell KE, Binns MM, Dolby CA, Hannant D, Mumford JA. Abortion of virologically negative foetuses following experimental challenge of pregnant pony mares with equid herpesvirus 1.. Equine Vet J 1992 Jul;24(4):256-9.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02830.xpubmed: 1323457google scholar: lookup
  50. Stierstorfer B, Eichhorn W, Schmahl W, Brandmüller C, Kaaden OR, Neubauer A. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) myeloencephalopathy: a case report.. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2002 Feb;49(1):37-41.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2002.00537.xpubmed: 11911591google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 18 times.
  1. Even KM, Gaesser AM, Ciamillo SA, Linardi RL, Ortved KF. Comparing the immunomodulatory properties of equine BM-MSCs culture expanded in autologous platelet lysate, pooled platelet lysate, equine serum and fetal bovine serum supplemented culture media.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:958724.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.958724pubmed: 36090170google scholar: lookup
  2. Merlo B, Baldassarro VA, Flagelli A, Marcoccia R, Giraldi V, Focarete ML, Giacomini D, Iacono E. Peptide Mediated Adhesion to Beta-Lactam Ring of Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Pilot Study.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Mar 15;12(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12060734pubmed: 35327131google scholar: lookup
  3. Van Crombrugge E, Vanbeylen E, Van Cleemput J, Van den Broeck W, Laval K, Nauwynck H. Bacterial Toxins from Staphylococcus aureus and Bordetella bronchiseptica Predispose the Horse's Respiratory Tract to Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Infection.. Viruses 2022 Jan 14;14(1).
    doi: 10.3390/v14010149pubmed: 35062352google scholar: lookup
  4. Laval K, Poelaert KCK, Van Cleemput J, Zhao J, Vandekerckhove AP, Gryspeerdt AC, Garré B, van der Meulen K, Baghi HB, Dubale HN, Zarak I, Van Crombrugge E, Nauwynck HJ. The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1.. Front Microbiol 2021;12:662686.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662686pubmed: 33746936google scholar: lookup
  5. Zarski LM, Giessler KS, Jacob SI, Weber PSD, McCauley AG, Lee Y, Soboll Hussey G. Identification of Host Factors Associated with the Development of Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy by Transcriptomic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Horses.. Viruses 2021 Feb 24;13(3).
    doi: 10.3390/v13030356pubmed: 33668216google scholar: lookup
  6. Zarski LM, Weber PSD, Lee Y, Soboll Hussey G. Transcriptomic Profiling of Equine and Viral Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Horses during Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection.. Pathogens 2021 Jan 7;10(1).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens10010043pubmed: 33430330google scholar: lookup
  7. Parker EL, Silverstein RB, Verma S, Mysorekar IU. Viral-Immune Cell Interactions at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in Human Pregnancy.. Front Immunol 2020;11:522047.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.522047pubmed: 33117336google scholar: lookup
  8. Kamel M, Pavulraj S, Fauler B, Mielke T, Azab W. Equid Herpesvirus-1 Exploits the Extracellular Matrix of Mononuclear Cells to Ensure Transport to Target Cells.. iScience 2020 Oct 23;23(10):101615.
    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101615pubmed: 33015592google scholar: lookup
  9. Pavulraj S, Kamel M, Stephanowitz H, Liu F, Plendl J, Osterrieder N, Azab W. Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Modulates Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles of Mononuclear Cells for Efficient Dissemination to Target Organs.. Viruses 2020 Sep 8;12(9).
    doi: 10.3390/v12090999pubmed: 32911663google scholar: lookup
  10. Ayala-Nunez NV, Follain G, Delalande F, Hirschler A, Partiot E, Hale GL, Bollweg BC, Roels J, Chazal M, Bakoa F, Carocci M, Bourdoulous S, Faklaris O, Zaki SR, Eckly A, Uring-Lambert B, Doussau F, Cianferani S, Carapito C, Jacobs FMJ, Jouvenet N, Goetz JG, Gaudin R. Zika virus enhances monocyte adhesion and transmigration favoring viral dissemination to neural cells.. Nat Commun 2019 Sep 27;10(1):4430.
    doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12408-xpubmed: 31562326google scholar: lookup
  11. Kamel M, Pavulraj S, Osterrieder K, Azab W. EHV-1 Pathogenesis: Current in vitro Models and Future Perspectives.. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:251.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00251pubmed: 31417917google scholar: lookup
  12. Gale AL, Linardi RL, McClung G, Mammone RM, Ortved KF. Comparison of the Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential of Equine Synovial Membrane-Derived and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:178.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00178pubmed: 31245393google scholar: lookup
  13. Poelaert KCK, Van Cleemput J, Laval K, Descamps S, Favoreel HW, Nauwynck HJ. Beyond Gut Instinct: Metabolic Short-Chain Fatty Acids Moderate the Pathogenesis of Alphaherpesviruses.. Front Microbiol 2019;10:723.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00723pubmed: 31024501google scholar: lookup
  14. Poelaert KCK, Van Cleemput J, Laval K, Favoreel HW, Couck L, Van den Broeck W, Azab W, Nauwynck HJ. Equine Herpesvirus 1 Bridles T Lymphocytes To Reach Its Target Organs.. J Virol 2019 Apr 1;93(7).
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.02098-18pubmed: 30651370google scholar: lookup
  15. Song P, Zheng N, Liu Y, Tian C, Wu X, Ma X, Chen D, Zou X, Wang G, Wang H, Zhang Y, Lu S, Wu C, Wu Z. Deficient humoral responses and disrupted B-cell immunity are associated with fatal SFTSV infection.. Nat Commun 2018 Aug 20;9(1):3328.
    doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05746-9pubmed: 30127439google scholar: lookup
  16. Kochagul V, Srivorakul S, Boonsri K, Somgird C, Sthitmatee N, Thitaram C, Pringproa K. Production of antibody against elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) unveils tissue tropisms and routes of viral transmission in EEHV-infected Asian elephants.. Sci Rep 2018 Mar 16;8(1):4675.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22968-5pubmed: 29549315google scholar: lookup
  17. Liu SA, Stanfield BA, Chouljenko VN, Naidu S, Langohr I, Del Piero F, Ferracone J, Roy AA, Kousoulas KG. Intramuscular Immunization of Mice with the Live-Attenuated Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Vaccine Strain VC2 Expressing Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) Glycoprotein D Generates Anti-EHV-1 Immune Responses in Mice.. J Virol 2017 Jun 15;91(12).
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.02445-16pubmed: 28404844google scholar: lookup
  18. Zhao J, Poelaert KCK, Van Cleemput J, Nauwynck HJ. CCL2 and CCL5 driven attraction of CD172a(+) monocytic cells during an equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection in equine nasal mucosa and the impact of two migration inhibitors, rosiglitazone (RSG) and quinacrine (QC).. Vet Res 2017 Feb 27;48(1):14.
    doi: 10.1186/s13567-017-0419-4pubmed: 28241864google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.