Equine herpesvirus type 1 mutant defective in glycoprotein E gene as candidate vaccine strain.
Abstract: An equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) mutant, DeltagE, defective in glycoprotein E (gE) was evaluated as a modified live virus (MLV) vaccine. Colostrum-deprived Thoroughbred foals inoculated intranasally (i.n.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) with DeltagE did not exhibit any clinical signs of respiratory disease except for a mild nasal discharge in 1 i.n. inoculated foal on Days 1 and 3 post-infection. In contrast, the intranasal inoculation of foals with the revertant of DeltagE resulted in biphasic pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge and swelling of submandibular lymph nodes. These results indicated that gE plays an important role as regards EHV-1 virulence in horses. The ability of DeltagE to protect against wild type EHV-1 challenge infection was assessed using i.m. vaccinated foals. Foals inoculated twice i.m. with 10(5) or 10(6) plaque-forming units (pfu) of DeltagE at an interval of 3 weeks exhibited no clinical evidence of local inflammation, respiratory disease or deleterious systemic responses. Remarkable increases in SN antibody titer to EHV-1 were observed in all vaccinated foals after the 2nd inoculation with DeltagE. Following a wild type EHV-1 challenge infection, vaccinated foals showed milder clinical symptoms than foals vaccinated with a placebo. Specifically, 1 of 3 foals vaccinated with 10(6) pfu of DeltagE exhibited no clinical symptoms other than a mild nasal discharge for 1 day. Additionally, the virus load of nasal shedding and viremia were reduced by vaccination. These results suggest that DeltagE would be a good candidate as an MLV vaccine.
Publication Date: 2009-12-05 PubMed ID: 19959893DOI: 10.1292/jvms.001439Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Controlled Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article explores the potential use of a specially modified equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) that lacks the glycoprotein E (gE) gene, termed DeltagE, as a live vaccine in Thoroughbred foals. The results indicate that the DeltagE variant plays a critical role in EHV-1’s virulence, and also appears to offer protection against wild type EHV-1 infection.
Experiment Methodology
- The researchers investigated the DeltagE mutant of EHV-1 through intranasally (i.n.) and intramuscularly (i.m.) inoculating colostrum-deprived Thoroughbred foals.
- The animals did not show significant signs of respiratory disease, barring a mild nasal discharge in one foal inoculated nasally.
- For comparison, foals were also intranasally inoculated with a DeltagE revertant, which caused biphasic pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge and swelling of the submandibular lymph nodes, symptoms commonly associated with EHV-1.
Findings and Implications
- The contrasting responses to DeltagE and its revertant indicate that the gE gene is crucial for EHV-1’s virulence, i.e., its ability to cause disease.
- The potential of DeltagE to protect against wild type EHV-1 infection was tested by twice injecting foals intramuscularly with different doses of DeltagE, with a three-week interval between doses.
- Foals given this treatment showed no signs of local inflammation, respiratory disease or harmful systemic responses, indicating that DeltagE is safe.
- All vaccinated foals experienced significant increases in SN (serum neutralization) antibody titer to EHV-1 after the second inoculation, suggesting that the DeltagE vaccine effectively stimulates an immune response.
- When challenged with a wild type EHV-1 infection after vaccination, the symptoms were milder in the foals given DeltagE than in those given a placebo. Further, one foal showed minimal symptoms, and the virus load in nasal shedding and the bloodstream was reduced, pointing to the vaccine’s potential efficacy.
Conclusion
- The research suggests that DeltagE is a potential candidate for a modified live virus (MLV) vaccine against EHV-1
Cite This Article
APA
TSUJIMURA K, SHIOSE T, YAMANAKA T, NEMOTO M, KONDO T, MATSUMURA T.
(2009).
Equine herpesvirus type 1 mutant defective in glycoprotein E gene as candidate vaccine strain.
J Vet Med Sci, 71(11), 1439-1448.
https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.001439 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. koji_tsujimura@jra.go.jp
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Mutation
- Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology
- Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines / adverse effects
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Ning Y, Huang Y, Wang M, Cheng A, Yang Q, Wu Y, Tian B, Ou X, Huang J, Mao S, Sun D, Zhao X, Zhang S, Gao Q, Chen S, Liu M, Zhu D, Jia R. Alphaherpesvirus glycoprotein E: A review of its interactions with other proteins of the virus and its application in vaccinology.. Front Microbiol 2022;13:970545.
- Lee Y, Maes RK, Kruger JM, Kiupel M, Giessler KS, Soboll Hussey G. Safety and Efficacy of Felid Herpesvirus-1 Deletion Mutants in Cats.. Viruses 2021 Jan 22;13(2).
- Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Nemoto M, Ohta M, Yamanaka T, Kokado H, Matsumura T. Epizootiological investigation of equine herpesvirus type 1 infection among Japanese racehorses before and after the replacement of an inactivated vaccine with a modified live vaccine.. BMC Vet Res 2019 Aug 6;15(1):280.
- Maes R. Felid herpesvirus type 1 infection in cats: a natural host model for alphaherpesvirus pathogenesis.. ISRN Vet Sci 2012;2012:495830.
- Mahmoud HY, Andoh K, Hattori S, Terada Y, Noguchi K, Shimoda H, Maeda K. Characterization of glycoproteins in equine herpesvirus-1.. J Vet Med Sci 2013 Oct;75(10):1317-21.
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