FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Sci / Equine Incisor Lesions: Histologic Confirmation of Radiograp...
Veterinary sciences2022; 9(7); 348; doi: 10.3390/vetsci9070348

Equine Incisor Lesions: Histologic Confirmation of Radiographic, Macroscopic, and Micro-Computed Tomographic Findings.

Abstract: Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) and other incisor lesions are often diagnosed only in advanced stages. The incisors of 20 horses were examined radiographically, macroscopically, and via micro-computed tomography (µCT) to discriminate EORTH-affected teeth. Five categories from healthy to severely affected teeth were formed and teeth from each category were examined histologically to evaluate the opportunity of earlier radiographic diagnosis. Histologically, odontoclastic resorptive lesions, leukocytic infiltrations, and areas of irregular cementum and granulation tissue were observed. The extent and severity of histological findings were correlated to the µCT data. Micro-CT imaging was suitable to detect subtle irregularities in the dental substances which were referred to as resorptive lesions. Although histological examinations confirmed the presence of resorptive lesions, not all of them were classified as pathological conditions. Instead, repaired surface lesions were documented which were regarded as a physiological condition. Nevertheless, incisors which were radiographically regarded as healthy can also feature histological signs of EOTRH. Therefore, due to the possibility of misinterpreting radiographic findings combined with superimpositions on intraoral radiographs, the detection of early resorptive lesions remains challenging.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2022-07-11 PubMed ID: 35878366PubMed Central: PMC9323279DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070348Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article studies the effects of Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) and other tooth lesions in horses. Its primary aim is to establish a more reliable method of early detection of these conditions in horses using a combination of radiographs, macroscopic examination, and micro-computed tomography (µCT).

Research Methodology

  • In this study, the researchers analysed the incisors of 20 horses using three different methods – radiography, macroscopic examination, and micro-computed tomography (µCT).
  • The teeth were then categorized into five groups – from healthy to severely affected by EOTRH.
  • To verify the findings of the imaging techniques, each tooth was also subjected to histological examination, which involves studying the microscopic structure of tissue.

Findings

  • Histologically, odontoclastic resorptive lesions or breaks in the hard, mineralized tissue of the teeth, leukocytic infiltrations or the accumulation of white blood cells, and areas of irregular cementum and granulation tissue were observed in the teeth examined.
  • The scans from the micro-CT were able to successfully detect the irregularities in the dental substances, which were characterized as resorptive lesions.
  • However, while these irregularities were confirmed by histological examinations, not all of these were classified as pathological conditions – certain repaired surface lesions were considered a physiological or normal condition.

Conclusion

  • The researchers concluded that radiographic imaging could not always reliably distinguish between healthy and disease-affected teeth. This implies that horses’ teeth, which appear healthy upon a radiographic examination, may still exhibit histological signs of EOTRH.
  • Furthermore, misinterpretations of radiographic findings, coupled with overlapping images on intraoral radiographs, make the detection of early resorptive lesions a challenging task.

In essence, the study suggests that accurate, early detection of EOTRH and associated lesions in horses’ incisors require a multi-faceted approach, including radiographic, macroscopic, and microscopic examination, to attain comprehensive and reliable results.

Cite This Article

APA
Albers L, Bienert-Zeit A, Staszyk C. (2022). Equine Incisor Lesions: Histologic Confirmation of Radiographic, Macroscopic, and Micro-Computed Tomographic Findings. Vet Sci, 9(7), 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070348

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 7
PII: 348

Researcher Affiliations

Albers, Louisa
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Bienert-Zeit, Astrid
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Staszyk, Carsten
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany.

Grant Funding

  • 491094227 / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - 491094227 "Open Access Publication Funding" and the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 34 references
  1. Carmalt JL. Equine Dentistry. Elsevier; Amsterdam, The Netherlands: 2011. Dental Physiology; pp. 77–84.
  2. Casey M. A new understanding of oral and dental pathology of the equine cheek teeth.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2013 Aug;29(2):301-24, v.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2013.04.010pubmed: 23915662google scholar: lookup
  3. Rawlinson JT, Earley E. Advances in the treatment of diseased equine incisor and canine teeth.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2013 Aug;29(2):411-40, vi-vii.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2013.04.005pubmed: 23915667google scholar: lookup
  4. Pearce CJ. Recent developments in equine dentistry.. N Z Vet J 2020 May;68(3):178-186.
    doi: 10.1080/00480169.2020.1722971pubmed: 32028869google scholar: lookup
  5. Dixon PM, Dacre I. A review of equine dental disorders.. Vet J 2005 Mar;169(2):165-87.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.03.022pubmed: 15727909google scholar: lookup
  6. Earley E, Rawlinson JT. A new understanding of oral and dental disorders of the equine incisor and canine teeth.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2013 Aug;29(2):273-300, v.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2013.04.011pubmed: 23915661google scholar: lookup
  7. Albers L, Albers J, Dullin C, Staszyk C, Bienert-Zeit A. Early incisor lesions and Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis: Reliability of radiographic findings.. Equine Vet J 2023 Mar;55(2):261-269.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13577pubmed: 35302672google scholar: lookup
  8. Staszyk C, Bienert A, Kreutzer R, Wohlsein P, Simhofer H. Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis.. Vet J 2008 Dec;178(3):372-9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.09.017pubmed: 19010701google scholar: lookup
  9. Hole SL, Staszyk C. Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis. Equine Vet. Educ. 2018;30:386–391.
    doi: 10.1111/eve.12603google scholar: lookup
  10. du Toit N, Rucker BA. The gold standard of dental care: the geriatric horse.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2013 Aug;29(2):521-7, viii.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2013.04.002pubmed: 23915672google scholar: lookup
  11. Limone LE. Update on Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020 Dec;36(3):671-689.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2020.08.006pubmed: 33067098google scholar: lookup
  12. Lorello O, Foster DL, Levine DG, Boyle A, Engiles J, Orsini JA. Clinical treatment and prognosis of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis.. Equine Vet J 2016 Mar;48(2):188-94.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12406pubmed: 25557855google scholar: lookup
  13. Rahmani V, Häyrinen L, Kareinen I, Ruohoniemi M. History, clinical findings and outcome of horses with radiographical signs of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis.. Vet Rec 2019 Dec 14;185(23):730.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.105253pmc: PMC7008772pubmed: 31601733google scholar: lookup
  14. Smedley RC, Earley ET, Galloway SS, Baratt RM, Rawlinson JE. Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis: Histopathologic Features.. Vet Pathol 2015 Sep;52(5):903-9.
    doi: 10.1177/0300985815588608pubmed: 26077784google scholar: lookup
  15. Rehrl S, Schröder W, Müller C, Staszyk C, Lischer C. Radiological prevalence of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis.. Equine Vet J 2018 Jul;50(4):481-487.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12776pubmed: 29067719google scholar: lookup
  16. Henry TJ, Puchalski SM, Arzi B, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM. Radiographic evaluation in clinical practice of the types and stage of incisor tooth resorption and hypercementosis in horses.. Equine Vet J 2017 Jul;49(4):486-492.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12650pubmed: 27862232google scholar: lookup
  17. Andreasen JO. Luxation of permanent teeth due to trauma. A clinical and radiographic follow-up study of 189 injured teeth.. Scand J Dent Res 1970;78(3):273-86.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1970.tb02074.xpubmed: 5273695google scholar: lookup
  18. Peralta S, Verstraete FJ, Kass PH. Radiographic evaluation of the types of tooth resorption in dogs.. Am J Vet Res 2010 Jul;71(7):784-93.
    doi: 10.2460/ajvr.71.7.784pubmed: 20594081google scholar: lookup
  19. Ne RF, Witherspoon DE, Gutmann JL. Tooth resorption.. Quintessence Int 1999 Jan;30(1):9-25.
    pubmed: 10323155
  20. Aidos H, Diogo P, Santos JM. Root Resorption Classifications: A Narrative Review and a Clinical Aid Proposal for Routine Assessment.. Eur Endod J 2018;3(3):134-145.
    doi: 10.14744/eej.2018.33043pmc: PMC7006572pubmed: 32161869google scholar: lookup
  21. American Association of Endodontist. Glossary of Endodontic Terms. .
  22. Patel S, Saberi N. The ins and outs of root resorption.. Br Dent J 2018 May 11;224(9):691-699.
    doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.352pubmed: 29747189google scholar: lookup
  23. Trope M. Root Resorption Due to Dental Trauma. Endod. Top. 2002;1:79–100.
    doi: 10.1034/j.1601-1546.2002.10106.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  24. Gunraj MN. Dental root resorption.. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999 Dec;88(6):647-53.
    doi: 10.1016/S1079-2104(99)70002-8pubmed: 10625842google scholar: lookup
  25. Schrock P, Lüpke M, Seifert H, Staszyk C. Finite element analysis of equine incisor teeth. Part 2: investigation of stresses and strain energy densities in the periodontal ligament and surrounding bone during tooth movement.. Vet J 2013 Dec;198(3):590-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.10.010pubmed: 24252223google scholar: lookup
  26. Andreasen FM. Transient apical breakdown and its relation to color and sensibility changes after luxation injuries to teeth.. Endod Dent Traumatol 1986 Feb;2(1):9-19.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1986.tb00118.xpubmed: 3457703google scholar: lookup
  27. Lindskog S, Pierce AM, Blomlof L, Hammarstrom L. The role of the necrotic periodontal membrane in cementum resorption and ankylosis.. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985 Jun;1(3):96-101.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1985.tb00569.xpubmed: 3860382google scholar: lookup
  28. Mavridou AM, Bergmans L, Barendregt D, Lambrechts P. Descriptive Analysis of Factors Associated with External Cervical Resorption.. J Endod 2017 Oct;43(10):1602-1610.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.05.026pubmed: 28807370google scholar: lookup
  29. von Arx T, Schawalder P, Ackermann M, Bosshardt DD. Human and feline invasive cervical resorptions: the missing link?--Presentation of four cases.. J Endod 2009 Jun;35(6):904-13.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.03.044pubmed: 19482196google scholar: lookup
  30. Patel S, Kanagasingam S, Pitt Ford T. External cervical resorption: a review.. J Endod 2009 May;35(5):616-25.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.01.015pubmed: 19410071google scholar: lookup
  31. Gorrel C. Tooth resorption in cats: pathophysiology and treatment options.. J Feline Med Surg 2015 Jan;17(1):37-43.
    doi: 10.1177/1098612X14560098pubmed: 25527492google scholar: lookup
  32. Sykora S, Pieber K, Simhofer H, Hackl V, Brodesser D, Brandt S. Isolation of Treponema and Tannerella spp. from equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis related periodontal disease.. Equine Vet J 2014 May;46(3):358-63.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12115pubmed: 23742079google scholar: lookup
  33. Earley ET, Rawlinson JR, Baratt RM, Galloway SS, Smedley RC, Scarlett JM, Refsal KR, Dotzel AR, Cox VS, Perkins GA. Hematologic, Biochemical, and Endocrine Parameters in Horses With Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis.. J Vet Dent 2017 Sep;34(3):155-160.
    doi: 10.1177/0898756417717039pubmed: 28814178google scholar: lookup
  34. Pearson AM, Mansfield G, Conaway M, Koput K. Associated Risk Factors of Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis. Proceedings of the 59th Annual American Association of Equine Practitioners Convention Nashville, TN, USA. 7–11 December 2013; pp. 65–70.

Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Jensen A, Clarke EJ, Nugent Z, Paice E, Gringel I, Yamamoto K, Rocchigiani G, Peffers AJ, Cooper L, Peffers MJ. Inflammation and response to bacterial infection as potential drivers of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis: A proteomics insight. Equine Vet J 2025 Jul;57(4):977-990.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.14469pubmed: 39777419google scholar: lookup
  2. Chrostek E, Peralta S, Fiani N. Morphological study of pulp cavity anatomy of canine teeth in domestic cats using micro-computed tomography. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1373517.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1373517pubmed: 38523713google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.