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Equine veterinary journal2016; 49(4); 486-492; doi: 10.1111/evj.12650

Radiographic evaluation in clinical practice of the types and stage of incisor tooth resorption and hypercementosis in horses.

Abstract: There are several reports of incisor tooth resorption and hypercementosis in horses but, to date, studies have been limited in case numbers and to advanced lesions. Tooth resorption in other species is a radiographic diagnosis of types of resorption that are often identified before clinical signs. Our goal was to evaluate radiographically incisor tooth resorption in a large population of horses, utilising interpretation criteria from canine and human dentistry. Objective: To document and classify incisor tooth resorption and hypercementosis. Methods: Retrospective descriptive case series. Methods: Horses presented for routine dental care >5 years old were included only if owners were unaware of incisor pathology. Radiographs (three views) were obtained of the incisor teeth and incisor teeth resorption was classified according to the radiographic criteria described for man and dogs. Hypercementosis and its location were recorded. Results: Tooth resorption was detected in 149 of 169 (88.2%) horses and 951 of 1952 (48.7%) of incisor teeth. The classification system used was applicable in 926 (97.2%) of 951 affected teeth. Hypercementosis was detected in 34 (20.1%) horses and 148 (7.6%) teeth. As horses increased in age, resorption and hypercementosis was more frequent; no significant differences were found among sex or breed categories. All horses with hypercementosis had resorption, but only 23.4% of horses with resorption had hypercementosis. Advanced (stage ≥3) resorption was detected in 159 (8.1%) teeth and 54 (32.0%) horses in an otherwise clinically healthy population. Conclusions: Certain horses' anatomy precluded isolation of the mandibular third incisor teeth from the canine teeth due to superimposition. Conclusions: Incisor tooth resorption, in particular external replacement resorption and external inflammatory resorption, is common in horses. Hypercementosis is consistently associated with resorption, but the inverse association is inconsistent.
© 2016 EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2016-12-27 PubMed ID: 27862232DOI: 10.1111/evj.12650Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research aimed to evaluate and classify tooth resorption and hypercementosis in horses, using techniques borrowed from canine and human dentistry. It found that tooth resorption is a common condition among horses, with hypercementosis associated, but not consistently.

Research Objective

  • The research aimed to assess the types of tooth resorption in horses by using X-ray interpretation techniques from human and canine dentistry. The main goal was to document and classify both incisor tooth resorption and hypercementosis in horses.

Methods

  • It was a retrospective case series.
  • Only horses that had not previously been identified with any incisor pathology were included.
  • The horses were also degreeably mature, being more than 5 years old.
  • The X-ray images of the incisors were obtained from three different viewpoints. This data was then analyzed using criteria developed for human and dog teeth.
  • The location and occurrence of hypercementosis were also recorded.

Results

  • The study found that almost 90% of the surveyed horses and just below half of the incisor teeth had resorption.
  • The classification system used could be applied effectively to the vast majority of the affected teeth.
  • Hypercementosis was less common, being present in just over 20% of the horses and less than 8% of teeth.
  • In older horses, both resorption and hypercementosis were more frequent, and no significant differences were seen between different sex or breed groups.
  • It was further observed that all horses with hypercementosis also had resorption, although the reverse was not guaranteed. Only 23.4% of horses with resorption also had hypercementosis.
  • Advanced resorption was found in 8.1% of teeth and 32% of horses.

Conclusions

  • The study concluded that due to the unique anatomy of some horses, it was challenging to isolate the mandibular third incisor teeth from the canine teeth.
  • Incisor tooth resorption, especially external replacement resorption and external inflammatory resorption, was found to be common among horses.
  • Hypercementosis, although not as prevalent, was found to be consistently related to resorption, though the reverse was not always true.

Cite This Article

APA
Henry TJ, Puchalski SM, Arzi B, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM. (2016). Radiographic evaluation in clinical practice of the types and stage of incisor tooth resorption and hypercementosis in horses. Equine Vet J, 49(4), 486-492. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12650

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 49
Issue: 4
Pages: 486-492

Researcher Affiliations

Henry, T J
  • William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Puchalski, S M
  • Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Arzi, B
  • Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Kass, P H
  • Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Verstraete, F J M
  • Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
  • Horses
  • Hypercementosis / diagnostic imaging
  • Hypercementosis / veterinary
  • Incisor / pathology
  • Male
  • Radiography / methods
  • Radiography / veterinary
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tooth Resorption / diagnostic imaging
  • Tooth Resorption / veterinary

Citations

This article has been cited 11 times.
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    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9070348pubmed: 35878366google scholar: lookup
  6. Górski K, Borowska M, Stefanik E, Polkowska I, Turek B, Bereznowski A, Domino M. Selection of Filtering and Image Texture Analysis in the Radiographic Images Processing of Horses' Incisor Teeth Affected by the EOTRH Syndrome. Sensors (Basel) 2022 Apr 11;22(8).
    doi: 10.3390/s22082920pubmed: 35458905google scholar: lookup
  7. Kau S, Failing K, Staszyk C. Computed Tomography (CT)-Assisted 3D Cephalometry in Horses: Interincisal Angulation of Clinical Crowns. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:434.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00434pubmed: 32851019google scholar: lookup
  8. Rahmani V, Häyrinen L, Kareinen I, Ruohoniemi M. History, clinical findings and outcome of horses with radiographical signs of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis. Vet Rec 2019 Dec 14;185(23):730.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.105253pubmed: 31601733google scholar: lookup
  9. Nugent Z, Jensen A, Owen N, Peffers AJ, Moothanchery M, Peffers MJ. Characterisation of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis: A comparative study using microCT and radiography in age-matched controls. Equine Vet J 2025 Jul;57(4):1099-1109.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.14453pubmed: 39825614google scholar: lookup
  10. Sundra T, Kelty E, Rossi G, Rendle D. Retrospective assessment of the use of extended-release cabergoline in the management of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1332337.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1332337pubmed: 38511195google scholar: lookup
  11. Borowska M, Jasiński T, Gierasimiuk S, Pauk J, Turek B, Górski K, Domino M. Three-Dimensional Segmentation Assisted with Clustering Analysis for Surface and Volume Measurements of Equine Incisor in Multidetector Computed Tomography Data Sets. Sensors (Basel) 2023 Nov 2;23(21).
    doi: 10.3390/s23218940pubmed: 37960639google scholar: lookup
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