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Home / Equine Research Bank / Annu Rev Anim Biosci / Equine Intestinal Mucosal Pathobiology.
Annual review of animal biosciences2017; 6; 157-175; doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014748

Equine Intestinal Mucosal Pathobiology.

Abstract: The equine intestinal mucosa is intimately involved in maintaining homeostasis both on a systemic level by controlling extracellular fluid movement and at the local level to maintain barrier function. Horses are particularly susceptible to the clinical syndrome of colic, with the most severe cases involving strangulating obstruction that induces ischemia. Because of the mucosal vascular architecture, the mucosal epithelium is particularly susceptible to ischemic injury. The potential for reperfusion injury has been investigated and found to play a minimal role. However, inflammation does affect mucosal repair. Mechanisms of repair, including villus contraction, epithelial restitution, and tight junction closure, are critical to reforming the mucosal barrier. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have an impact on this repair, particularly at the level of the tight junctions. Completion of mucosal regeneration requires proliferation, which is now being actively studied in equine enteroids. All of these aspects of equine mucosal pathobiology are reviewed in depth.
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Publication Date: 2017-11-16 PubMed ID: 29144770PubMed Central: PMC7769316DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014748Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on understanding the role and functioning of the intestinal mucosa in horses, particularly its involvement in maintaining overall body stability and its susceptibility to colic, a common equine ailment. It further investigates the impact of inflammation and certain drugs on the mucosa’s repair mechanisms, while shedding light on the processes that ultimately lead to its regeneration.

Understanding the Role of Equine Intestinal Mucosa

  • The intestinal mucosa in horses plays a key role in maintaining body balance or homeostasis. It accomplishes this at both the systemic and local levels by modulating the movement of extracellular fluid and fostering the integrity of the bodily barrier.
  • The specific focus of the study is on the equine propensity for colic, a clinical syndrome that often involves serious complications such as strangulating obstruction, which can lead to ischemia or insufficient blood flow to the gut.
  • The paper emphasizes that due to the specificities of the mucosal vascular architecture, the epithelium of said mucosa is particularly susceptible to injuries caused by ischemia.

Exploring Mucosal Injuries and Repair Mechanisms

  • The study explores the potential role of reperfusion—reintroduction of blood supply after ischemia—as a source of injury. Surprisingly, it finds that reperfusion plays a rather minimal role in damaging the equine intestinal mucosa.
  • However, the study highlights the critical role that inflammation plays in impacting mucosal repairs. Various repair mechanisms, including villus contraction (changes in the tiny, finger-like projections lining the intestinal wall), epithelial restitution (rapid re-epithelialisation of the wounds), and tight junction closure (sealing the gaps between cells in the mucosal lining) are integral to rebuilding the mucosal barrier after injury.
  • The research also suggests that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can impact these repair processes, particularly affecting the sealing or closure of the tight junctions.

Mucosal Regeneration and Active Research Directions

  • The study underlines that full regeneration of the mucosal lining not only requires these various repair processes but also cellular proliferation. This is now being actively studied using equine enteroids, a type of in vitro 3D cell model that closely mimics the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa in living horses.
  • The paper concludes with an in-depth review of various research aspects surrounding equine mucosal pathobiology. The understanding derived from these studies can have significant implications for the healthcare and treatment of horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Blikslager A, Gonzalez L. (2017). Equine Intestinal Mucosal Pathobiology. Annu Rev Anim Biosci, 6, 157-175. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014748

Publication

Annual review of animal biosciences
ISSN: 2165-8110
NlmUniqueID: 101614024
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 6
Pages: 157-175

Researcher Affiliations

Blikslager, Anthony
  • Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA; email: anthony_blikslager@ncsu.edu.
Gonzalez, Liara
  • Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA; email: anthony_blikslager@ncsu.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use
  • Colic / complications
  • Colic / pathology
  • Colic / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Inflammation / drug therapy
  • Inflammation / veterinary
  • Intestinal Mucosa / pathology
  • Intestinal Obstruction / veterinary
  • Ischemia / pathology
  • Ischemia / veterinary
  • Regeneration
  • Reperfusion Injury / pathology
  • Reperfusion Injury / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • K01 OD019911 / NIH HHS
  • P30 DK034987 / NIDDK NIH HHS

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