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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Equine torovirus (BEV) induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in...
PloS one2011; 6(6); e20972; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020972

Equine torovirus (BEV) induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in infected cells.

Abstract: Toroviruses are gastroenteritis causing agents that infect different animal species and humans. To date, very little is known about how toroviruses cause disease. Here, we describe for the first time that the prototype member of this genus, the equine torovirus Berne virus (BEV), induces apoptosis in infected cells at late times postinfection. Observation of BEV infected cells by electron microscopy revealed that by 24 hours postinfection some cells exhibited morphological characteristics of apoptotic cells. Based on this finding, we analyzed several apoptotic markers, and observed protein synthesis inhibition, rRNA and DNA degradation, nuclear fragmentation, caspase-mediated cleavage of PARP and eIF4GI, and PKR and eIF2α phosphorylation, all these processes taking place after peak virus production. We also determined that both cell death receptor and mitochondrial pathways are involved in the apoptosis process induced by BEV. BEV-induced apoptosis at late times postinfection, once viral progeny are produced, could facilitate viral dissemination in vivo and contribute to viral pathogenesis.
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Publication Date: 2011-06-15 PubMed ID: 21698249PubMed Central: PMC3115971DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020972Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study investigates how equine torovirus Berne virus (BEV) causes cells to self-destruct, contributing to its pathogenesis, or ability to cause disease. The study highlights the role of specific pathways involved in this process.

Understanding the Equine Torovirus (BEV)

  • The study is about a virus known as the equine torovirus Berne virus (BEV), a member of the torovirus genus which can cause gastroenteritis in a variety of animal species, including humans. This research aims to contribute to our understanding of how these viruses operate and cause disease.
  • The researchers note that the BEV can stimulate a process known as apoptosis (cell self-destruction) in cells it has infected. This process takes place at late stages post-infection, once the virus has already reproduced.

Methodology and Key Findings

  • The team examined BEV-infected cells using electron microscopy. This allowed them to observe that, 24 hours after infection, some cells displayed signs typical of apoptotic (or self-destructing) cells.
  • Further analysis revealed various indications of apoptosis such as the inhibition of protein synthesis, degradation of rRNA and DNA, fragmentation of the cell nucleus, caspase-mediated cleavage of proteins PARP and eIF4GI, and phosphorylation of PKR and eIF2α.
  • All these processes were seen to take place after the peak virus production point, suggesting the self-destruction of the cell post-infection may facilitate the spread of the virus in the body.

Understanding the Apoptosis Process

  • The research also discovered that apoptosis induced by BEV involves both the cell death receptor pathway and the mitochondrial pathway. This means that the virus triggers cell self-destruction through both external signals (death receptors) and internal signals (mitochondria).
  • This complex interaction could provide insights into how the virus operates, and how it could be combated – making this research useful not just for understanding BEV, but potentially other viruses in the torovirus genus as well.

Cite This Article

APA
Maestre AM, Garzón A, Rodríguez D. (2011). Equine torovirus (BEV) induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in infected cells. PLoS One, 6(6), e20972. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020972

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Pages: e20972
PII: e20972

Researcher Affiliations

Maestre, Ana M
  • Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Garzón, Ana
    Rodríguez, Dolores

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Apoptosis / physiology
      • Blotting, Western
      • Caspases / physiology
      • Cell Line
      • Flow Cytometry
      • Microscopy, Electron
      • Phosphorylation
      • Subcellular Fractions / metabolism
      • Torovirus / physiology

      Conflict of Interest Statement

      The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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