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Drug testing and analysis2021; 14(5); 915-928; doi: 10.1002/dta.3041

Establishment of a post-race biomarkers database and application of pathway analysis to identify potential biomarkers in post-race equine plasma.

Abstract: In the context of doping control, conventional direct chemical testing detects only a limited scope of target substances in equine biological samples. To expand the ability to detect doping agents and their detection windows, metabolomics has recently become a common approach for monitoring alteration of biomarkers caused by doping agents in relevant metabolic pathways. In horse racing, remarkable changes in metabolic profiles between the rest state and racing are likely to affect the identification of doping biomarkers. Previously, we reported a limited number of significantly upregulated metabolites after racing, based on a non-targeted metabolomics approach using out-of-competition and post-race equine plasma samples. In this study, we performed a more thorough analysis of the data set, using pathway analysis to establish a post-race biomarkers database (PBD) that includes upregulated and downregulated metabolites, their fold changes, and relevant pathways, with the main objective of improving our understanding of changes in physiological status related to horse racing. Statistical analysis of the PBD revealed that two peak combinations of pentadecanoyl carnitine/galactosylglycerol (P/G) and heptadecanoyl carnitine/galactosylglycerol (H/G) could be used as potential biomarkers for the discrimination of the rest and post-race groups. To demonstrate the applicability of the PBD, we validated the post-race biomarkers P/G and H/G (highly involved in lipid metabolism) by a single-blind test. This strategy, which combines establishment of a biomarker database with pathway analysis, represents a powerful tool for discovering potential doping biomarkers in the future.
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2021-05-17 PubMed ID: 33835667DOI: 10.1002/dta.3041Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research focuses on improving doping detection in horse racing by expanding the range of detectable substances and metabolites. The study included a thorough analysis of horse plasma samples at rest and post-race to develop a post-race biomarkers database (PBD) to better understand the physiological changes related to horse racing. The researchers found potential biomarkers that can distinguish between rest and post-race states, contributing to future efficacy in doping control.

About the Research

  • The researchers examined biomarkers for doping detection in horse racing by leveraging metabolomics, a biological technique that measures the quantities of metabolites in biological systems.
  • This study was premised on the fact that conventional chemical testing is restricting as it detects only a limited number of target substances in equine biological samples.
  • Making use of the metabolomics approach, the research expands the detectable substances and their detection periods. This approach helps monitor the alteration of biomarkers caused by the use of doping substances within metabolic pathways.

Process and Findings

  • The research engaged a comprehensive analysis of equine plasma samples taken at rest and after racing. This was with the intent of establishing a Post-race Biomarkers Database (PBD).
  • PBD includes upregulated and downregulated metabolites, their fold changes, and related pathways. This was created to enhance the understanding of the changes in physiological status linked to horse racing.
  • Resultantly, the researchers discovered that two peak combinations of pentadecanoyl carnitine/galactosylglycerol (P/G) and heptadecanoyl carnitine/galactosylglycerol (H/G) could potentially be used as biomarkers to distinguish between rest and post-race states.

Conclusion and Implications

  • The procedure of establishing a biomarkers database and applying pathway analysis offers a potent tool for identifying potential doping biomarkers in the future. By-evaluation of the biomarkers revealed in the study could enable better discrimination of doping cases.
  • Improvements in doping detection will not only ensure fairness in the sport but will also protect the welfare of the horses involved.

Cite This Article

APA
Ohnuma K, Uchida T, Leung GN, Ueda T, Obara T, Ishii H. (2021). Establishment of a post-race biomarkers database and application of pathway analysis to identify potential biomarkers in post-race equine plasma. Drug Test Anal, 14(5), 915-928. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3041

Publication

Drug testing and analysis
ISSN: 1942-7611
NlmUniqueID: 101483449
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Pages: 915-928

Researcher Affiliations

Ohnuma, Kohei
  • Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan.
Uchida, Taiga
  • Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan.
Leung, Gary Ngai-Wa
  • Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan.
Ueda, Toshiki
  • Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan.
  • Bioinformatics Team, Research Laboratory, H. U. Group Research Institute G.K., Hachioji, Japan.
Obara, Taku
  • Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
Ishii, Hideaki
  • Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan.
  • Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Biomarkers
  • Carnitine
  • Doping in Sports
  • Horses
  • Metabolomics
  • Plasma
  • Single-Blind Method

Grant Funding

  • Japan Racing Association

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